敦煌西千佛洞回鹘时期石窟造像题材新考  

A New Study on the Buddhist Themes in the Uighur Caves of the Western Thousand-Buddha Grottoes in Dunhuang

作　　者：张先堂[1] ZHANG Xiantang(Division of Humanities Research,Dunhuang Academy,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院人文研究部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2024年第3期20-33,共14页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“敦煌石窟文献释录与图文互证研究”(21&ZD218)。

摘　　要：本文重点考察敦煌西千佛洞回鹘时期洞窟造像题材,指出西千佛洞与莫高窟出现的一批“行化药师佛像”反映了当时敦煌民众佛教信仰进一步非经典化、世俗化的倾向。考证西千佛洞第9窟中心柱北向面回鹘时期画并坐三尊佛像是以阿弥陀佛为中心与释迦佛、弥勒佛组合的三佛造像,反映出当时敦煌人们流行着混融的净土信仰,特别是西方净土信仰特别盛行,成为人们信仰的主流,深刻地影响着佛教石窟艺术造像题材的内容和表现形式。Focusing on the themes in the Uighur caves of the Western Thousand-Buddha Grottoes site,this paper points out that a group of statues depicting the Medicine Buddha begging for alms reflects that the Buddhist beliefs held by lay practitioners of the time tended to be highly secularized and largely uninfluenced by canonical scripture.Study on the relics from the Uighur period in these caves has also demonstrated that a painting of Three Buddhas sitting side by side on the north side of the central pillar in cave 9 is a combination of Buddha Amitabha,in the center,and two other Buddhas,Sakyamuni and Maitreya.The combination of these figures reflects that Buddhist teachings mixed with Pure Land belief was very popular among the people of Dunhuang,particularly faith in the existence of the Western Pure Land.These more secularized beliefs,especially in combination with canonical themes from Buddhism,exerted a far-reaching impact on the themes and features of Buddhist art in the cave temples of Dunhuang.

关 键 词：西千佛洞 回鹘时期 造像题材 佛教信仰 世俗化 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]