由“贯天人”到“赅中西”——中国比较文学的发生与近代文化转型  

The Relation Between the Occurrence of Chinese Comparative Literature and the Transformation of Modern Chinese Culture

作　　者：纪建勋[1] Ji Jianxun

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学都市文化研究中心、人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期121-136,231,共17页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZJ003)。

摘　　要：1840年以降,国人对西方思想、文化的学习无疑有着对抗顽固派、启蒙民智、建构文化现代性与民族性等目的。也只有在这一背景下才能更好地认识到中国近代比较文学为何在还未“学科化”之时就已经“早熟”地有了一些研究成果。从学理上来看,中国比较文学的发生与近代文化转型之间存在着直接而又复杂的联系。作为近代文化转型的核心问题和主要特征,中国比较文学发生期相关人物的成就与相关文献体现出由“贯天人”到“赅中西”的嬗变,并且经由此种嬗变,把“中国比较文学的发生”和“近代文化转型”两个事件勾连在一起。梁启超、王国维、鲁迅等学人在近代文化转型的历程中,受到近代文化转型前期代表人物林纾、严复的影响,在“贯天人”到“赅中西”的嬗变道路上前进得更远。这种嬗变也体现出西方舶来的所谓“保守主义”“自由主义”与“激进主义”思想在中国比较文学的发生与近代文化转型进程中的渗透与萌发,为五四新文化运动和学衡派的产生埋下了伏笔;同时,这些思想的渗透与萌发也表现出近代中国文化转型期的时代与地域特征,也正是这一时期,中国比较文学学科虽仍处于萌芽阶段,但多方面坚持不懈的探索,为下一阶段比较文学学科的形成与初兴夯实了基础。由“贯天人”到“赅中西”,“发生转型论”之启蒙性与完成度,对于今日走向世界文学的国际比较文学中国学派方法论建构意义深远。Since 1840,the study of Western thought and culture by Chinese people has undoubtedly had the purpose of combating cultural stubbornness,enlightening the people,and constructing cultural modernity and national identity.Only in this context can we better understand why modern comparative literature in China had already achieved some research results at an early stage before it became a discipline.This is the theme that this article aims to discuss throughout,namely the exploration of the relation between the occurrence of Chinese comparative literature and the transformation of modern Chinese culture.The whole article is divided into three parts.Firstly,it attempts to distinguish the relationship between the transformation of modern Chinese culture and the emergence of comparative literature.Then,in the context of cultural transformation,it summarizes the characteristics of modern Chinese comparative literature.Last but not least,further observation and examination of the enlightenment and completion of this transformation will have profound significance for the construction of the methodology of international comparative literature.

关 键 词：比较文学 文化转型 林纾 严复 梁启超 王国维 鲁迅 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]