再释“在所”  

Reinterpretation of“zaisuo”

作　　者：于方圆 Yu Fangyuan(Institute of Linguistics,China Accadamy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言科学》2024年第4期436-446,共11页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD304)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉译佛经中,经常见到“在所V”和“在所N”两种结构。“在所V”应分析为“在/所V”,可理解为“想要怎么样就怎么样”,“在”表“任凭”,是“自在”的省缩;“在所N”应分析为“在所/N”,可理解为“任何N”,N一般为表方所的名词。“在所”的成词是在“在所V处”这一结构中完成的:汉语的“在所V处”原本是介词“在”与方所宾语组合,因常用来翻译梵语表方所的关系小句,获得了任指义,由于“所”字功能的变化,加之四字格和双音化影响,“在/所V处”发生了重新分析,成为“在所/V处”,“在所”就成为一个主要修饰方所成分、表任指的词。“在在”则是对原典语言仿译,“在”也是来自表方所的“在”。In the Chinese translations of Buddhist sutras,we can often see two kinds of structures:“zai suo V”(在所V)and“zai suo N”(在所N).The structure“zai suo V”should be analyzed as“zai/suo V”,and can be understood as“do whatever you want”,wherein“zai”(在)means“at one’s will”,which is the contraction of“zi zai”(自在).The structure“zai suo N”should be analyzed as“zai suo/N”,in which N is generally a locative noun,and can be understood as“anywhere”.The formation of“zai suo”(在所)is completed in the construction of“zai suo V chu”(在所V处),which originally consists of the preposition“zai”and its locative object.As is always used to translate the relative clauses of Sanskrit which express the location,combined with the influence of syllables,“zai suo V chu”is reanalysed as“zai suo/V chu”.“zai zai”(在在)is a calque translation of the classic language where the repeated“zai”is also derived from the preposition“zai”.

关 键 词：在 在所 梵汉对勘 汉译佛经 

分 类 号：H143[语言文字—汉语]