一种多段机翼水面起降地效无人机气动特性  

Aerodynamic Characteristics of UAV Taking Off and Landing from Water Surface with Multi-Segment Wing in Ground Effect

作　　者：刘战合[1] 夏陆林 马云鹏[3] 王菁[1] 张芦 吴浩坤 Liu Zhanhe;Xia Lulin;Ma Yunpeng;Wang Jing;Zhang Lu;Wu Haokun(School of Aerospace Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China;School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Energy Power Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院航空宇航学院,郑州450046 [2]大连海事大学船舶与海洋工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [3]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191 [4]武汉理工大学航海与能源动力学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《航空兵器》2024年第3期119-128,共10页Aero Weaponry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11702255);河南省科技攻关计划(242102220040,242102220052,232102220029)。

摘　　要：为改善水面起降性能和气动性能,基于船身式机身、多段机翼和T尾融合设计思路,提出并设计了一种新型仿生式多段机翼地效无人机方案,采用N-S方程和K-Ω-SST湍流模型,详细研究了该型无人机在不同状态下的压力云图、压力系数及升阻特性。仿真结果表明,地效作用随离水高度的增加而减小,离水高度与平均几何弦长之比(高度弦长比H/c)接近1时,地效作用较为显著,无人机在离水高度0.2 m时,升力系数、升阻比分别提升21.91%和40.37%,阻力系数降低15.22%;对提出的多段机翼布局,地效飞行主要影响下表面压力系数和压力云图,下表面压力系数展向上由内向外正压增幅逐渐减小,弦向上前后缘附近压力系数较小,结合压力云图分析,地效对升力增幅的影响主要集中在中段和内段机翼下方区域;地效飞行可明显提高升力线斜率(H/c为1时提高了8.89%),迎角增加时升力系数增幅和阻力系数降幅均逐渐变大,升阻比增幅(H/c为1)在迎角2°后均达到26%以上;通过验证机的多轮水面起降和有、无地效飞行试验,证明设计方案具有优秀的气动性能和飞行性能,可为水质检测、水面地效运输、搜救侦察等提供应用平台。In order to improve the performance of aerodynamic and take off and landing from water surface,a new biomimetic UAV with multi-segment wing in ground effect is designed based on the hull fuselage,multi-segment wing and T-tai.The pressure nephogram,pressure coefficient and lift-drag characteristics of the UAV in different states are studied in detail with N-S equation and K-Ω-SST turbulence model.The simulation results show that the influence of ground effect decreases with the increase of the UAV height above water.When the ratio of height above water to mean geometric chord(ratio of height to chord H/c)is close to 1,the ground effect is more significant.When the UAV is 0.2 m above water,the lift coefficient and lift-drag ratio increase by 21.91%and 40.37%respectively,and the drag coefficient decreases by 15.22%.For the multi-segment wing layout,the ground effect flight mainly affects the pressure coefficient and pressure nephogram of the lower surface.And the positive pressure amplitude of pressure coefficient in lower surface gradually decreases from inside to outside along the span direction,and the pressure coefficient near the leading and trailing edges along the chord direction is small.With the pressure nephogram,the results show that the impact of ground effect on the growth rate of lift is mainly concentrated in the area below the mid and inner wing.The lift curve slope can be significantly increased by ground effect(increased by 8.89%when H/c is 1).The growth rate of lift coefficient and the decrease rate of drag coefficient gradually increase when the angle of attack increases,and the growth rate of lift-drag ratio(H/c is 1)reaches more than 26%when the angle of attack is greater than 2°.It has been proven that the design has excellent aerodynamic and flight performance with multiple flight tests of verification UAV taking off and landing from water surface and with and without ground effects.The UAV can provide flight platforms for water quality detection,water surface transportation,search and resc

关 键 词：多段机翼 水面起降 气动性能 无人机 地面效应 船身式 

分 类 号：V221[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TJ760[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]