Nano-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapies for improved bladder cancer treatment  

作　　者：Sheng ZENG Shaoqiang XING Yifei ZHANG Haifeng WANG Qian LIU 

机构地区：[1]Department of Urology,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China [2]Department of Urology,First Central Clinical College,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300192,China

出　　处：《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》2024年第7期557-567,共11页浙江大学学报（英文版）B辑（生物医学与生物技术）

基　　金：supported by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Nos.21JCYBJC00220 and 22JCQNJC01640);the Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project(No.ZC20162);the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82202323).

摘　　要：Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly become the fourth mainstream treatment alternative after surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,with some promising results.It aims to kill tumor cells by mobilizing or stimulating cytotoxic immune cells.However,the clinical applications of tumor immunotherapies are limited owing to a lack of adequate delivery pathways and high toxicity.Recently,nanomaterials and genetic engineering have shown great potential in overcoming these limitations by protecting the delivery of antigens,activating targeted T cells,modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,and improving the treatment efficacy.bacillus Calmette-Gué;rin(BCG)is a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis,which was first reported to have antitumor activity in 1927.BCG therapy can activate the immune system by inducing various cytokines and chemokines,and its specific immune and inflammatory responses exert antitumor effects.BCG was first used during the 1970s as an intravesical treatment agent for bladder cancer,which effectively improved immune antitumor activity and prevented tumor recurrence.More recently,nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG have been proposed as treatment alternatives for bladder cancer due to their ability to induce stronger and more stable immune responses.In this study,we outline the development of nano-BCG and genetically engineered BCG for bladder cancer immunotherapy and review their potential and associated challenges.

关 键 词：Bladder cancer Bacillus Calmette-Gué rin vaccine NANOCARRIER Genetic engineering Immunotherapy 

分 类 号：R737.14[医药卫生—肿瘤]