超临界萃取工艺对白肋烟上部叶烟碱及重要香味物质的影响  

Effects of supercritical extraction technology on nicotine and some major aroma components in upper burley tobacco leaf

作　　者：吴键[1] 刘化冰[1] 陈震[1] 陶丰 赵路灿 管庆林 李林洪 丁宁 朱佳骏 王骏[1] 肖卫强[1] 蒋健[1] 焦洋 WU Jian;LIU Huabing;CHEN Zhen;TAO Feng;ZHAO Lucan;GUAN Qinglin;LI Linhong;DING Ning;ZHU Jiajun;WANG Jun;XIAO Weiqiang;JIANG Jian;JIAO Yang(China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310008,China;Hangzhou Liqun Environment Protecting Paper Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,杭州市310008 [2]杭州利群环保纸业有限公司,杭州310018

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第7期14-20,32,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目“天然烟叶型加热卷烟产品叶组配方技术研究与应用”[110202201048(XX-07)]。

摘　　要：为了确定烟叶超临界萃取工艺降碱保香的最佳条件,以白肋烟上部叶为原料,通过单因素实验,分析了萃取温度、萃取时间和萃取压力对烟碱质量分数的影响,并通过正交实验分析了不同萃取条件下烟碱和重要香味物质含量的变化趋势,确定了超临界萃取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:①烟叶降碱保香的最佳萃取工艺条件为萃取温度50℃、萃取时间3 h、萃取压力22 MPa,该萃取条件下烟叶重要香味物质总量下降19.75%,烟碱质量分数下降46.18%,重要香味物质总量与烟碱质量分数的比值最高。②萃取温度和萃取时间对烟碱质量分数和重要香味物质总量具有显著影响(P<0.05),萃取后烟碱质量分数的降幅为35.94%~50.87%,重要香味物质总量的降幅为14.48%~34.72%。③萃取温度和萃取压力对非酶棕色化反应产物及类西柏烷降解产物的含量具有显著影响,萃取时间对苯丙氨酸类降解产物的含量具有显著影响,萃取温度和萃取时间对类胡萝卜素降解产物的含量具有显著影响。超临界萃取是一种可选择性调控白肋烟中烟碱和重要香味物质含量的有效方法。To determine the optimal supercritical extraction conditions for nicotine reduction and aroma retention in tobacco leaves,the upper leaves of burley tobacco were used as the raw material to study the interactions of extraction temperature,extraction time,and extraction pressure on nicotine mass fraction through single-factor experiments.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to investigate the variation trends of nicotine and major aroma component contents,and the optimal conditions of supercritical extraction were determined.The results showed that:1)The optimal extraction conditions for nicotine reduction and aroma retention in tobacco leaves were 50℃extraction temperature,3 h extraction time,and 22 MPa extraction pressure.Under these conditions,the total content of major aroma components decreased by 19.75%,the mass fraction of nicotine decreased by 46.18%,and the ratio of the total content of major aroma components to the mass fraction of nicotine was the highest.2)Extraction temperature and extraction time had significant effects(P<0.05)on the nicotine mass fraction and total content of major aroma components.The decrease in nicotine mass fraction after extraction ranged from 35.94% to 50.87%,and the decrease in total content of major aroma components ranged from 14.48% to 34.72%.3)Extraction temperature and extraction pressure significantly affected non-enzymatic browning reaction products and cembranoid degradation products,while extraction time had a significant effect on phenylalanine degradation product content.Extraction temperature and extraction time also significantly affected the carotenoid degradation product content.Therefore,supercritical extraction is an effective method for selective control of nicotine and major aroma components in burley tobacco.

关 键 词：白肋烟 上部叶 超临界萃取 烟碱 香味物质 选择性调控 

分 类 号：TS411.1[农业科学—烟草工业]