口供补强的模式选择及完善  

Selection and Improvement of Confession Corroboration Model

作　　者：林慧翔 LIN Hui-xiang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120 [2]西南政法大学诉讼法与司法改革研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期121-133,共13页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“证据的支撑力和区分力问题研究”(19XFX006);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学重点基地项目“落实证人出庭作证制度研究”(23SKJD008);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学重点基地项目“国际刑事司法协助的实施机制:域内外机制衔接问题研究”(19JD010);西南政法大学校级课题“完善涉众型犯罪案件中的涉案财物处置程序”(2021XZNDJDYB-01)。

摘　　要：目前我国立法对口供补强规则仅作原则性规定,司法实践缺乏统一适用标准,“形式补强”问题严重。从域外视角来看,美国对口供补强规则进行了详细规定,并形成了“罪体规则”和“可信性标准”两种补强模式。然而这两种模式补强范围缺乏周延性,单独适用均存在错误定罪的可能性。从口供补强规则的立法原意、司法现状以及兼顾实现有效追诉犯罪目的出发,我国更适宜采用“事实补强”和“细节补强”一体化模式,从犯罪结果、犯罪行为以及犯罪主体三方面实质补强被告人口供。同时补强证据一般不包含共犯供述,并且必须独立于被告人供述或属于新证据。补强程度须达到结合被告人供述,全案证据满足“证据确实、充分”证明标准的程度。At present,China’s legislation only provides principled provisions for the confession corroboration rules,and judicial practice lacks unified application standards,resulting in a serious problem of“formal corroboration”.In the United States,detailed provisions have been made for the confession corroboration,and two corroboration models have been formed,namely the“Corpus Delicti Rule”and the“Trustworthiness Requirement”.But these two models lack comprehensiveness in their scope of corroboration,and there is a possibility of erroneous conviction when applied separately.Starting from the legislative intention,the judicial status quo and the consideration of achieving effective criminal prosecution purposes,it is more appropriate for China to adopt the integrated model of the“factual corroboration”and the“detailed corroboration”,which substantively strengthens the defendant’s confession from three aspects:criminal results,criminal behavior,and criminal subjects.At the same time,the corroborative evidence generally does not include the accomplice’s confession,and must be independent of the defendant’s confession or be new evidence.The degree of corroboration must be such that,in combination with the defendant’s confession,the evidence in the case meets the standard of proof of“sufficient and reliable evidence”.

关 键 词：口供补强 罪体规则 可信性标准 一体化模式 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]