江西省市售婴幼儿米粉中铅、镉、总砷污染状况调查及暴露评估  

Lead,cadmium,and arsenic contamination in infant and young child rice flour sold in Jiangxi Province and exposure assessment

作　　者：王艳敏[1] 李娟[1] 熊丽[1] 游兴勇[1] WANG Yan-min;LI Juan;XIONG Li;YOU Xing-yong(Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and,Major Epidemic and Control Key of Jiangxi Province,Key of Diagnosis and Tracing of Foodborne Diseases in Nanchang,Jiangxi 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省疾病预防控制中心,重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室,江西省食源性疾病诊断溯源重点实验室,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第15期2742-2747,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江西省重点实验室计划项目(2024SSY06021,20171BCD 40021);江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(202211295,202410492)。

摘　　要：目的了解江西省市售婴幼儿米粉中铅、镉、总砷等重金属的污染状况,并对膳食暴露的健康风险进行评估。方法2016—2020年在江西省市售流通领域随机采集婴幼儿米粉564份,采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铅和镉,原子荧光光谱法测定总砷。采用点评估法计算膳食中铅、镉、总砷的暴露水平,采用暴露边界比(margin of exposure,MOE)进行铅、总砷暴露评估,采用安全边界比(margin of safety,MOS)进行镉暴露评估。结果江西省市售婴幼儿米粉中铅、镉、和总砷的平均值为0.039、0.058和0.079 mg/kg,平均检出率为82.1%、93.8%、87.2%。不同年份镉(χ2=21.988,P<0.001)、总砷(χ2=138.043,P<0.001)的检出率存在显著性差异。各年份内铅的MOE值(1.8~5.7)、总砷的MOE值(5.0~14.0)、镉的MOS值(1.6~12.6)均大于1。结论2016—2020年监测的江西省市售婴幼儿米粉中铅、总砷污染较轻,2016—2018年存在一定程度的镉污染,膳食摄入铅、镉、总砷的暴露量较低,均处于可接受水平。Objective To investigate the contamination of lead,cadmium,and arsenic in infant and young child rice flour sold in Jiangxi Province and to assess the health risks of dietary exposure.Methods From 2016 to 2020,564 samples of infant and young child rice flour were randomly collected from the market in Jiangxi Province.Lead and cadmium were by determined by graphite furnace apomecometry,and total arsenic by atomic.The dietary exposure levels of lead,cadmium,and total arsenic were detected using the point estimate method,the margin of exposure(MOE)was used for lead and arsenic exposure,and the margin of safety(MOS)was used for cadmium exposure.Results The average values of lead,cadmium,and total arsenic in infant and young child rice flour sold in Jiangxi Province were 0.039,0.058,and 0.079 mg/kg,and the average detection rates were 82.1%,93.8%,and 87.2%,respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rates of cadmium(χ2=21.988,P<0.001)and total arsenic(χ2=138.043,P<0.001)in different years.The MOE values of lead(1.8-5.7)and total arsenic(5.0-14.0)in each year and the MOS values of cadmium(1.6-12.6)were all greater than 1.Conclusion Lead and total arsenic contamination in infant rice flour foods in Jiangxi Province monitored from 2016 to 2020 is low,and there is some degree of cadmium contamination in from 2016 to 2018.The potential health risks caused by dietary exposure to lead,cadmium,and total arsenic in infant rice flour foods of infants and toddlers in Jiangxi Province is at an acceptable level.

关 键 词：重金属 婴幼儿米粉 膳食暴露 风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]