什么是古典自由?--以亚里士多德为视角  

What is Classical Liberty:From Aristotle's View

作　　者：李涛[1] Li Tao(School of Philosophy,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院,北京102488

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期18-28,共11页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“亚里士多德的美德政治学研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于什么是古典自由的问题,有贡斯当的政治自由、伯林的积极自由、施特劳斯的美德自由与黑格尔的客观自由等解释模式。从亚里士多德的视角来看,古典自由可以被一般性地界定为“追求美好而脱离必然性”,且包含政治自由、伦理自由与哲学自由三个层次。公民政治自由,是脱离了身体劳动的必然性,具有个别的伦理美德,从而是既统治又被统治的自由;贤人伦理自由,完全脱离了非理性的必然性欲求而追求完善的实践美德,贤人统治普通公民让整个城邦具有美德;哲学沉思自由,脱离了政治实践的必然性和忙碌性,为了知识自身而追求知识。古典自由就是在这三层美好阶梯上的逐渐上升。About the question of what is classical liberty,there are these interpretive schemes,Constant's political liberty,Berlin's positive liberty,Strauss's virtue as liberty and Hegel's objective liberty.The author thinks that,from Aristotle's view,classical liberty can be generally defined as the pursuit of fine and the separation from necessity,and it contains three levels of political liberty,ethical liberty and philosophical liberty.Civil political liberty,is separated from the necessity of physical labor and has some ethical virtues,thus it is the liberty to both rule and be ruled.The ethical liberty of the sage,is completely separated from the irrational necessity and pursued the practical virtue,and the rule of the sage to the ordinary citizens made the whole city-state have virtue.Philosophical contemplative liberty,is separated from the necessity and busyness of political practice,and pursues knowledge for its own sake.Classical liberty is a gradual ascent on these three fine steps.

关 键 词：古典自由 美好 政治自由 伦理自由 哲学自由 

分 类 号：B502.233[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B82-05[政治法律—政治学] D091