高速列车受电弓非定常气动特性数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-Speed Train Pantograph

作　　者：贾步超 景所立 周宁[2] 李艳[3] JIA Bu-chao;JING Suo-li;ZHOU Ning;LI Yan(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Technology Center,Shandong Qingdao 266111,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Sichuan Chengdu 610031,China;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司技术中心,山东青岛266111 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [3]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第8期267-271,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072319);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2018J001);中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司科研项目(科2019-32);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题(2019TPL_T02)。

摘　　要：受电弓的非定常气动特性严重影响受电弓和接触网之间的受流性能。基于计算流体动力学理论,采用分离涡模拟(DES)方法对受电弓高速运行在有无横风环境下的气动特性进行数值模拟。对受电弓周围流场以及气动力特性进行对比研究。数值计算结果通过了风洞试验数据验证。研究结果表明:受电弓受到的气动力具有非常显著的非定常特性;无风环境下受电弓周围流场近似成对称分布,横风会破坏流场的对称性,漩涡向气流背风侧迁移,受电弓表面漩涡脱落的速度和强度增加,且向下游发展的速度以及破碎的速度加快。受电弓框架系统的气动力波动受横风的影响最大,其次为弓头;横风下,受电弓各部件功率谱密度的频率分布更广,弓头的脉动升力具有明显的主频特性,且滑板对此主频的贡献量最大。The unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the pantograph seriously affect the current collection performance between the pantograph and the catenary.Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics,detached-eddy simulation(DES)method is used to numerically simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the pantograph operating at high speed with or without crosswind.The numerical calculation results were verified by wind tunnel test data.The results of the study indicate:the aerodynamic force of the pantograph exhibits very significant unsteady characteristics;the flow field around the pantograph is approximately symmetrically distributed in a windless environment,cross wind will destroy the symmetry of the flow field,the vortex migrates to the leeward side of the airflow,the speed and intensity of the vortex shedding on the surface of the pantograph increase,and the speed of the downstream development and the speed of fragmentation increase.The aerodynamic fluctuations of the pantograph frame system are most affected by the cross wind,followed by the collector head;under cross wind,the frequency distribution of the power spectral density of the pantograph components is wider,the fluctuating lift of the collector head has obvious main frequency characteristics,and the slide plate contributes the most to this main frequency.

关 键 词：高速列车 受电弓 横风 非定常气动特性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U264[机械工程—车辆工程]