人工智能道德增强方案的哲学省思  

Philosophical Reflection on AI-Based Moral Enhancement Approaches

作　　者：周境林 周腾[2] ZHOU Jinglin;ZHOU Teng(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 220433,China;School of Cyberspace Security,Hainan University,Haikou 570208,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433 [2]海南大学网络空间安全学院,海南海口570208

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期21-28,共8页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大资助项目(20&ZD045);国家资助博士后研究人员计划资助项目(GZC20230549);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2024M750562);海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究重点资助项目(Hnjg2024ZD-16)。

摘　　要：为了防范人类生存危机,道德增强进入了科技伦理议程中。由于生物医学道德增强的诸多弊端,各种人工智能道德增强方案被陆续提出,分别为:人工智能作为人类道德决策的“替代者”“建议者”或“对话者”;“替代者方案”将导致道德消亡,阻碍道德进步,但适用于危急情境;“建议者方案”会损害能动者的能动性,固化其道德观念,但适用于日常决策;“对话者方案”能够帮助用户实现道德成长,但无法提供道德动力。混合式道德增强将各方案应用于不同场景,在紧急状态下调用“替代者”模式,在日常生活道德决策情境中唤醒“建议者”模式,在空闲时段进入“对话者”模式,兼顾三种方案优点又规避其缺陷。但混合式方案仍需要生物道德增强的辅助以提升用户道德动机,并被纳为义务性培训的一部分。To guard against crises threatening human existence,moral enhancement has entered the agenda of technological ethics.In response to the numerous drawbacks of biomedical moral enhancement,various AI-based moral enhancement approaches have been proposed,which can be categorized as AI serving as a “substitute”,“advisor”,or “interlocutor” in human moral decision-making.The “substitute” approach may lead to the demise of morality and hinder moral progress,but it is suitable for emergencies.The “advisor” approach might diminish human agency and rigidify their moral conceptions,yet it is appropriate for everyday decisions.The “interlocutor” approach might help users achieve moral growth but fails to provide moral motivation.A hybrid moral enhancement approach applies these strategies to different scenarios,invoking the “substitute” mode in emergencies,activating the “advisor” mode in daily moral decision-making contexts,and entering the “interlocutor” mode during the idle time.This hybrid approach capitalizes on the advantages of each approach while avoiding their shortcomings.However,the hybrid approach still requires the support of biomedical moral enhancement to boost users' moral motivation and should be integrated into compulsory educational programs.

关 键 词：道德进步 道德增强 人工智能 生存危机 生物医学增强 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]