利用宏转录组学技术分析酸马奶发酵过程中活性微生物功能基因表达的变化特征  

Metatranscriptomic Approach Reveals the Change Characteristics of Functional Gene Expression of Active Microorganisms during Koumiss Fermentation

作　　者：布仁其其格[1] 董超 包玉龙[1] 红梅[1] 张三润[1] 李少华[1] 芒来[2] 马春丽 Burenqiqige;DONG Chao;BAO Yulong;Hongmei;ZHANG Sanrun;LI Shaohua;DUGARJAVIINManglai;MA Chunli(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,China;Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010110 [2]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2024年第4期1-9,共9页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项(2011DFR30860);内蒙古自治区高等学校“青年科技英才”支持项目(NJYT23052)

摘　　要：[目的]探究酸马奶不同发酵时期活性微生物功能基因表达的变化特征。[方法]收集发酵初期(12 h)、中期(48 h)、后期(96 h)酸马奶样品,构建宏转录组文库,进行RNA-Seq高通量测序;对测序数据进行组装和功能注释后,分析差异表达基因,确定GO和KEGG信号通路中显著差异表达基因的静态富集。[结果]3个发酵时期酸马奶样品的宏转录组高通量测序共产生12.17 GB的高质量短序列。序列组装后进行数据分析,发现酸马奶发酵过程中代谢过程相关基因表达占主导地位。差异表达基因的筛选与分析显示,发酵前期、中期、后期酸马奶样品间两两相比,下调表达基因数量多于上调表达基因数量。GO功能富集分析显示,发酵初期与中期酸马奶样品间差异表达基因高度富集的GO条目是细胞过程、代谢过程、有机环状化合物结合、杂环化合物结合;发酵中期与后期样品间差异表达基因高度富集的GO条目是细胞过程、细胞大分子代谢过程;发酵初期与后期样品间差异表达基因高度富集的GO条目主要涉及细胞过程、有机物质代谢过程、核苷结合、核糖核苷结合、嘌呤核苷酸结合。KEGG通路富集分析显示,发酵前期与中期酸马奶样品间仅有1条差异表达基因显著富集的信号通路,即核糖体通路;发酵中期与后期酸马奶样品间差异表达基因显著富集的信号通路包括醚酯代谢、氨基苯甲酸降解、mRNA监测途径、类固醇生物合成;发酵前期与后期酸马奶样品间差异表达基因显著富集的信号通路包括类固醇生物合成、氨基苯甲酸降解、mRNA监测途径、核糖体、乙苯降解。[结论]酸马奶发酵过程中涉及活性微生物多种功能基因的差异表达,不同发酵时期活性微生物功能基因的差异表达呈现动态变化。研究结果为深入了解酸马奶发酵机制、优化酸马奶发酵工艺提供了参考。[Objective]This study was conducted to characterize the change of functional gene expression of active microorganisms in different fermentation stages of koumiss.[Method]The koumiss samples were collected at the early(12 h),middle(48 h)and late(96 h)stages of fermentation,and the metatranscriptomic libraries were prepared for high-throughput RNA sequencing.After assembly and functional annotation of the sequencing data,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified to determine the static enrichment of significant DEGs in GO and KEGG signaling pathways.[Result]The koumiss samples of the early,middle and late stages of fermentation generated 12.17 GB clean reads by metatranscriptomic high-throughput sequencing.Sequence assembly and data analysis demonstrated that the expression of genes involved in metabolic process played a dominant role in the fermentation process of koumiss.The identification and assessment of DEGs exhibited that the number of the down-regulated genes was more than that of the up-regulated genes in pairwise comparison of the koumiss samples collected at the three fermentation stages.GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the GO terms highly enriched by DEGs between the samples of early and middle fermentation stages associated with cellular process,metabolic process,organic ring compound binding,and heterocyclic compound binding.The GO terms highly enriched by DEGs between the samples of middle and late fermentation stages included cellular process and cellular macromolecule metabolic process.The GO terms highly enriched by DEGs between the samples of early and late fermentation stages mainly involved cellular process,organic substance metabolic process,nucleoside binding,ribonucleoside binding,and purine nucleotide binding.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis displayed that there was only one signaling pathway(ribosome)in which DEGs between the samples of early and middle fermentation stages significantly enriched.DEGs between the samples of middle and late fermentation stages sign

关 键 词：酸马奶 发酵 宏转录组 功能基因 

分 类 号：TS252.54[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]