居民区生活垃圾房及周边环境的微生物污染特征与健康风险评估  

Microbial contamination characteristics and health risk assessment of residential domestic garbage room and surrounding environment

作　　者：于锵 沈东升[1] 邢筱静 龙於洋[1] 惠彩 YU Qiang;SHEN Dongsheng;XING Xiaojing;LONG Yuyang;HUI Cai(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling,Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310012)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院,浙江省固体废物处理与资源化重点实验室,有色金属废弃物资源化浙江省工程研究中心,杭州310012

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第8期477-487,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42177203,42107006)。

摘　　要：废物处理场所排放的生物气溶胶会携带病原菌从而对工人和周边居民的健康构成潜在威胁.然而,目前关于居民区生活垃圾房微生物污染风险的研究有限.本研究量化了垃圾房墙壁和周围环境(包括生物气溶胶、植物和土壤)中的可培养总细菌和病原菌并系统描述了其微生物污染特征.研究结果表明,垃圾房墙壁上可检测到大量细菌和病原菌,其中10 cm高墙壁处细菌浓度最高,为(3.75±0.79)×10^(4) CFU·cm^(-2).生长在垃圾房附近的植物也携带大量病原菌,其中草叶上细菌和病原菌浓度较高;距离垃圾房20 m内采集的土壤中病原菌比例较高.在垃圾房周边环境检测到的主要病原菌中,总大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌浓度最高.实验进一步通过非致癌和定量微生物风险评估来探究垃圾房及周边环境中工作人员和周边居民的暴露风险,结果表明,工作人员尤其是成年男性的生物气溶胶暴露风险最高(危险指数超过1,年感染风险和疾病负担值分别超过10-4和10-6DALY pppy);周边居民中儿童的暴露风险远高于成人和老年居民.研究结果可为控制生物气溶胶及制定保护措施以降低垃圾房对工人和周边居民的健康风险提供参考依据.Bioaerosols,which carries pathogens emitted from waste management sites,pose potential health hazard to workers and surrounding residents.However,information on the risk of microbial contamination of the residential domestic garbage room is limited.In this study,the total culturable bacteria and pathogens on the walls of a garbage room and in the surrounding environment including those in bioaerosols,on plants,and in soil,were quantified to describe the microbial pollution systematically.Results showed a significant presence of bacteria and pathogens on the wall of the garbage room,with the highest bacterial concentration of(3.75±0.79)×10^(4) CFU·cm^(-2) measured on a 10 cm-high section of the wall.Plants that grew near the garbage house harbored abundant pathogens,with grass leaves near the ground showing high levels of bacteria and pathogens.Soil samples collected within 20 m radiius of the garbage room had a high percentage of pathogenic bacteria.Total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were the dominant pathogens detected in the environment surrounding the garbage house.Non-carcinogenic and quantitative microbial risk assessments were further performed to estimate the health risks of waste workers and surrounding residents exposed to bioaerosols emitted from garbage houses.The results showed that the waste workers,especially adult males,had a high exposure risk of bioaerosols(hazard index exceeded 1,and values for annual infection risk and disease burden exceeded 10-4 and 10-6 DALY per person per year(pppy),respectively).The exposure risk for children was much higher than that for adults and elderly residents.These insights provide valuable evidence for developing bioaerosol control and protective measures to reduce the health risks from garbage houses for workers and residents.

关 键 词：生物气溶胶 微生物污染 垃圾房 病原菌 风险评估 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]