饲料添加谷氨酸对草鱼生长、抗氧化能力和肌肉品质性状的影响  

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH GLUTAMATE ON GROWTH,ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY,AND MUSCLE QUALITY OF GRASS CARP(CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)

作　　者：杨婉愉 巫丽云 张月星 韩冬[2] 张志敏 刘昊昆 金俊琰[2] 杨云霞[2] 朱晓鸣[2] 解绶启[2] YANG Wan-Yu;WU Li-Yun;ZHANG Yue-Xing;HAN Dong;ZHANG Zhi-Min;LIU Hao-Kun;JIN Jun-Yan;YANG Yun-Xia;ZHU Xiao-Ming;XIE Shou-Qi(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Marine Science and Technology College,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,舟山316022 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第9期1509-1518,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U21A20266和31972771)资助。

摘　　要：实验以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)为研究对象,探究饲料中添加谷氨酸对草鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和血浆抗氧化能力的影响。研究配制3组等氮等脂实验饲料:对照饲料(Con)、在对照饲料中添加质量分数0.8%和1.6%的L-谷氨酸(分别为0.8%GLU组和1.6%GLU组)。将540尾初始质量为(37.0±0.2)g的草鱼分为3个处理,分别投喂1种实验饲料,每个处理设3个重复网箱,每个网箱放养60尾鱼,养殖周期85d。研究结果发现,饲料中添加谷氨酸组草鱼的生长性能与对照组无显著差异;与对照相比,1.6%GLU组草鱼的背肌肌肉间隙减小,肌纤维密度显著增加(P<0.05);与对照相比,0.8%GLU组和1.6%GLU组草鱼背肌的硬度、咀嚼性、黏附性、内聚性和回复性显著增加,0.8%HYP组肌肉弹性显著增加(P<0.05);饲料中添加谷氨酸组草鱼血浆总胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05);1.6%GLU组草鱼血浆碱性磷酸酶AKP活性显著增加(P<0.05);0.8%GLU组和1.6%GLU组草鱼血浆谷丙转氨酶活性显著下降(P<0.05);0.8%GLU组和1.6%GLU组草鱼血浆超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性和总抗氧化能力T-AOC均显著增加(P<0.05)。综上,饲料中添加谷氨酸有助于改善草鱼肌肉品质性状,提高草鱼血浆抗氧化能力。The experiment utilized grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)as the research object to investigate the effects of dietary glutamate on growth performance,muscle quality,and plasma antioxidant capacity.Three groups of isoni-trogenous and isolipidemic experimental diets were prepared:the control diet(Con)and the control diet supplemented with 0.8%and 1.6%L-glutamic acid(0.8%GLU group and 1.6%GLU group,respectively).540 grass carp with an initial body weight of(37.0±0.2)g were divided into three treatments and fed with experimental feed respectively.Each treatment consisted of three repeated cages,with each cage containing 60 fish.The experiment spanned 85 days.The results showed that the growth performance of grass carp fed with glutamic acid was not significantly different from that of the control group.However,compared with the control group,the dorsal muscle gap of grass carp in 1.6%Glu group decreased,and the muscle fiber density increased significantly(P<0.05).Moreover,the hardness,chewiness,adhesion,cohesion,and recovery of grass carp dorsal muscle in the 0.8%Glu group and 1.6%Glu group were signifi-cantly increased compared to the control group,while muscle elasticity in the 0.8%HYP group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Additionally,the plasma total cholesterol content of grass carp fed with glutamic acid was signifi-cantly decreased(P<0.05).The activities of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase got(GOT)in plasma of grass carp in the 1.6%Glu group increased significantly(P<0.05),while the activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)in plasma decreased significantly(P<0.05).Furthermore,the plasma superoxide dismu-tase(SOD)activity and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of grass carp in the 0.8%Glu group and 1.6%Glu group were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of glutamic acid in feed can enhance the muscle qua-lity of grass carp and improve the antioxidant capacity of grass carp plasma.

关 键 词：谷氨酸 肌肉品质 抗氧化能力 草鱼 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]