贵州不同产区蜂糖李果实糖酸组分差异及品质评价  

Differences in Sugar and Acid Compositions and Quality Evaluation of Fengtang Plum Fruit from Different Producing Areas in Guizhou

作　　者：王红林 解璞[1] 马玉华[2,3] 赵凯[1] 王红 赵晓珍 郑乾明 WANG Honglin;XIE Pu;MA Yuhua;ZHAO Kai;WANG Hong;ZHAO Xiaozhen;ZHENG Qianming(Guizhou Institute of Pomology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业科学院,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州省农业科学院农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第8期84-93,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“贵州蜂糖李优质高产关键技术集成与示范”(黔科合支撑[2022]重点018号);贵州省科技计划项目“贵州省桃李种质科技创新人才团队建设”(黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2023]004);贵州省科技计划项目“贵州山地特色果树种质资源库创新能力建设”(黔科合服企[2021]8号);贵州省科技计划项目“贵州喀斯特山区重要作物生物育种平台建设项目”(黔科合中引地[2023]033);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目“百层次人才”(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2022]025-1);贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目“基于全基因组重测序的蜂糖李起源探究及特异分子标记开发”(黔农科院青年科技基金[2021]25号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明贵州不同产区蜂糖李果实的糖酸品质特征,为提高蜂糖李果品质量整体水平和促进产业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】以贵州安顺4个种植区(AZNL、AZND、AZNJ和AZYH)、黔南州3个种植区(QNLF、QNLM和QNHD)以及贵阳(GXFS)、黔西南州(QXQG)、铜仁市(TYHG)和遵义市(ZSYX)种植的蜂糖李新鲜成熟果实为材料,考察果形指数和硬度等外观品质,检测分析果实糖酸组分及含量、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等主要风味指标,并对果品品质22个指标进行主成分分析和系统聚类分析。【结果】11份蜂糖李果实糖含量为102.29~160.71 mg/g,糖组分以蔗糖含量最高,平均56.21 mg/g,山梨醇含量最低,仅20.71 mg/g;有机酸含量为5.29~7.89 mg/g,有机酸组分以苹果酸含量最高,平均达5.31 mg/g,抗坏血酸含量最低,仅0.04 mg/g。主成分分析共提取5个主成分,累积贡献率达92.89%,获得品质评价函数:F=0.361 F_(1)+0.241 F_(2)+0.153 F_(3)+0.107 F_(4)+0.066 F5。聚类分析显示,QXQG和AZNL各为一类,其余9个样品聚为一类,其中,AZNL和QXQG综合得分较高,品质最佳。【结论】贵州11份不同种植区蜂糖李果实品质依次为AZNL> QXQG> QNLF> AZNJ> AZND> QNLM> AZYH> QNHD> GXFS> ZSYX>TYHG。【Objective】The sugar and acid quality characteristics of Fengtang plum fruit in different producing areas of Guizhou were investigated to provide a reference for improving the overall quality level and promoting sustainable development of Fengtang plum.【Method】The 11 fresh mature Fengtang plum fruit samples were collected from 6 cities and prefectures,including 4 planting areas in Anshun(AZNL,AZND,AZNJ and AZYH),3 planting areas in Qiannan(QNLF,QNLM and QNHD),Guiyang(GXFS),Qianxinan(QXQG),Tongren(TYHG) and Zunyi(ZSYX).The appearance quality such as fruit shape index and firmness was observed,and the compositions and contents of sugar and acid,soluble solid content,titratable acid content and other main flavor indexes of fruit were determined and analyzed.Finally,the principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the 22 quality indexes were carried out.【Result】The sugar content of11 samples ranged from 102.29 mg/g to 160.71 mg/g,among which sucrose content was the highest with an average of56.21 mg/g,and sorbitol content was the lowest with an average of 20.71 mg/g.Besides,the organic acid content was5.29-7.89 mg/g,among which malic acid was the highest with an average of 5.31 mg/g,and ascorbic acid content was the lowest with an average of 0.04 mg/g.In addition,5 principal components were extracted through principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was up to 92.89%.The quality evaluation function was obtained as F = 0.361F_(1)+0.241 F_(2)+0.153 F_(3)+0.107 F_(4)+0.066 F_(5).Through the cluster analysis,QXQG and AZNL were grouped,and the other nine samples were grouped into the same category.The AZNL and QXQG samples had higher comprehensive scores and the best quality.【Conclusion】The fruit quality of Fengtang plum from 11 producing areas in Guizhou follows as AZNL>QXQG>QNLF>AZNJ>AZND>QNLM> AZYH>QNHD>GXFS>ZSYX>TYHG.

关 键 词：蜂糖李 糖组分 酸组分 品质评价 果形指数 果实硬度 可溶性固形物 可滴定酸 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]