超级中学垄断与城市内顶尖大学入学机会区域差异——基于北京市的实证研究  

Monopoly of Super High Schools and Regional Differences within a City in Admission Opportunities to Top Universities:An Empirical Study Based on Beijing

作　　者：吴宇川[1] 郭丛斌[1,2] WU Yu-chuan;GUO Cong-bin

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第8期103-114,共12页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划重点课题(AAAA2020049)——疏解非首都功能背景下北京郊区高中教育质量提升研究。

摘　　要：超级中学的发展壮大可能加剧城市内部顶尖大学入学机会的区域差异,不利于大型城市引导人口向郊区流动。基于对某顶尖大学A北京生源调查数据(2001—2021年)的分析发现,顶尖大学入学机会在北京市存在着明显的城郊差异,位于城区的超级中学与首位中学近年来分别垄断了A大学约40%与超过20%的生源;超级中学垄断降低了北京市一般高中学生的顶尖大学入学机会,但这种负面影响主要表现为对郊区一般高中学生顶尖大学入学可能性、顶尖大学生源密度及相对录取排名的冲击,城区一般高中所受影响并不明显。因此应该增加郊区优质教育资源投入,强化市级政府的资源统筹力度,同时也需要扩大优质高中的资源覆盖、加强郊区教师队伍建设、优化高中学校规划布局。The development of super high schools may increase the regional differences in admission opportunities to top universities within a city,which is not conducive to large cities guiding the population to flow to the suburbs.Based on the analysis of the survey data of a top university(University A)'s students in Beijing(2001—2021),it is found that there are obvious differences in admission opportunities to top universities between urban and suburban areas in Beijing.In recent years,the super high schools and the first high school located in the urban area have monopolized about 40%and more than 20%of the freshmen of University A respectively.The monopoly of super high schools has reduced the admission opportunities to top universities for ordinary senior high school students in Beijing,but this negative impact is mainly manifested in the impact on the admission possibility to top universities for ordinary high school students in suburbs,the density of top universities freshmen from ordinary high schools in suburbs and the relative admission ranking of ordinary high schools in suburbs,while the impact on ordinary high schools in urban areas is not obvious.Therefore,we should increase the input of quality education resources in suburbs,strengthen the overall planning of resources by the government of the municipality directly under the central government,and at the same time,we need to make efforts in expanding the resource coverage of quality high schools,improving the quality of suburban teachers,and optimizing the planning and layout of high schools.

关 键 词：超级中学 顶尖大学 入学机会 城郊差异 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]