生产自动化、人力资本错配与企业绩效  

Production Automation,Human Capital Mismatch,and Firm Performance

作　　者：陈瑛[1] 蔡华龙 吴臣 CHEN Ying;CAI Hua‑long;WU Chen(School of Economics,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan,650504,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学经济学院,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《经济管理》2024年第7期109-128,共20页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“东道国就业保护、工会力量与海外中国企业雇佣效率提升:基于20国调查数据研究”(71963035);云南省哲学社会科学基金项目“数字经济赋能云南经济发展及产业结构转型的机制与路径优化研究”(QN202208)。

摘　　要：基于云南大学海外中国企业与员工调查(OCEES)数据,本文实证检验了南亚东南亚地区的中资企业生产自动化与企业绩效的关系。研究发现:首先,企业生产自动化使得企业绩效不增反降,一系列检验表明该结论仍然稳健。产生该结果的原因之一在于生产自动化会引致企业的人力资本错配,而企业受到来自东道国的政府管制和市场规制等约束会加剧生产自动化带来的错配现象。另外,生产自动化对企业绩效的影响在东道国不同的经济发展阶段、制度质量与来源国劣势程度之间,以及企业不同的所属行业、母公司情况以及所在城市规模之间存在异质性。以上负面效应可以通过员工培训、企业社会责任履行以及其他福利的改善等措施予以减缓。本文有助于中国企业对“一带一路”沿线国家投资进行事前风险预警,并有效避免企业绩效遭受技术冲击的负面影响。Since the“Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI)was proposed,thescale of Chinese overseas investment has significantly increased.Simultaneously,the doubts about the BRI have never disappeared,which seriously affect the firm performance and international image of foreign investment enterprises of China.Since local human capital levels are limited and large‑scale hiring of foreign employees is ineffective,these enterprises investing in BRI countries choose more advanced technologies,such as automation and digitalization.However,restricted by the level of human capital in the host country and the“foreigners”role of Chinese enterprises,the impact of production automation on the performance of Chinese enterprises investment remains uncertain in BRI countries.Consequently,it is theoretically and practically important to analyze the relationship between production automation and firm performance of these enterprises.This study uses Chinese enterprises in South Asia and Southeast Asia as samples to explore the impact and mechanism of production automation on their performance.The study shows that,production automation significantly reduces firm performance.Human capital mismatch is an important factor to explain why enterprise production automation reduces firm performance,because the local human capital level cannot match the demand for high‑skilled labors caused by automation.Additionally,government and market regulations in host countries aggravate the mismatch caused by automation.In order to discover more details of the effect,this study conducts heterogeneity tests,including economic development stage,institutional quality,source country disadvantage,industry type,overseas subsidiary with parent companies,and city size of host country,at country and firm levels respectively.The results are as follows.First,the negative impact of production automation on enterprise performance mainly exists in countries with higher institutional completeness,or in factor‑driven countries.Second,the negative impact is also signi

关 键 词：生产自动化 企业绩效 人力资本错配 规制约束 “一带一路” 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F276.7[经济管理—国民经济]