哈贝马斯对基因技术医疗应用的伦理思考及其启示  

Habermas' Ethical Reflection on the Medical Application of Gene Technology and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：任祥伟 REN Xiangwei(School of Marxism,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,Jiangsu,221116)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学马克思主义学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2024年第9期80-88,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：江苏省社科基金青年项目“商谈伦理学的道德应用路径研究”(项目编号:23ZXC006)。

摘　　要：当前对基因技术的应用讨论容易陷入误区,我们不但将胚胎生命权的保障问题囿于堕胎争议,而且试图在生物学意义上寻求生命开始的起点来为基因技术的医疗应用划定合法界限。为了走出以上误区,哈贝马斯强调“自然”和“人为”的区分关乎人类的自由基础,并试图以康德式的先验论证为基因技术的医疗应用划定道德界限。这样一来,基因技术的医疗应用应该进一步遵循商谈伦理学的“医疗逻辑”,即以“康复”和“可同意性”为原则。这样就能够避免教育学论证的误导,而准确划定基因优生学的合理性范围。虽然哈贝马斯的基因伦理思想对已有基因伦理讨论作了有力推进,也对一些基因伦理难题的解决有着积极启示,但其理论仍存在着自身的不足。The discussions on the application of genetic technology can easily lead to misunderstandings at present. We not only confine the issue of safeguarding the right to life of embryos to disputes over abortion, but also attempt to seek the starting point of life in a biological sense to draw legal boundaries for the medical application of genetic technology. In order to overcome the above misunderstandings, Habermas emphasized that the distinction between “natural” and “human” is related to the foundation of human freedom, and attempted to use Kantian prior arguments to delineate moral boundaries for the medical application of genetic technology. In this way, the medical application of genetic technology should further follow the “medical logic” of negotiation ethics, which is based on the principles of “rehabilitation” and “consent”, thus avoiding misleading educational arguments and accurately delineating the rational scope of genetic eugenics. Although Habermas' ideas on genetic ethics have effectively promoted existing discussions on genetic ethics and provided positive insights for solving some genetic ethical problems, his theory still has its own shortcomings.

关 键 词：哈贝马斯 基因技术 自然成长 医疗逻辑 基因优生学 

分 类 号：Q343.1[生物学—遗传学] B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]