护士共情能力及心理资本与职业倦怠的关系  

The relationship between nurses′empathy,psychological capital and job burnout

作　　者：高丽佳 汪晖 Gao Lijia;Wang Hui(Department of Nursing,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院护理部,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2024年第16期56-59,72,共5页Journal of Nursing Science

摘　　要：目的探讨临床护士共情能力、心理资本与职业倦怠的关系,为减少临床护士职业倦怠提供针对性的管理意见。方法采用人际反应指针量表、心理资本量表、职业倦怠量表对湖北省1所三级医院、3所二级医院的1064名临床护士进行调查。结果53.9%临床护士存在职业倦怠,其能力得分为(52.95±10.36)分、心理资本得分为(91.62±14.50)分、情感衰竭得分16.50(10.00,25.00)分,去人格化得分3.00(1.00,7.00)分,个人成就感得分为(32.31±9.96)分。分层回归结果显示:控制一般资料后,共情能力、心理资本是护士情感衰竭、个人成就感的独立影响因素,分别能解释总变异的25.5%、36.3%。结论临床护士职业倦怠发生率较高,呈现低情感衰竭和低去人性化、中等个人成就感的特征,护理管理者应针对主要因素加以教育培训,关注护士心理健康,以减轻护士职业倦怠水平,维持护理队伍稳定。Objective To investigate the relationship between clinical nurses′empathy,psychological capital,and job burnout,and to provide targeted management suggestions to reduce clinical nurses'job burnout.Methods A total of 1064 clinical nurses from 1 tertiary hospital and 3 secondary hospitals in Hubei province were recruited to fill out the Interpersonal Reactivity Index,the Psychological Capital Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Results The scores of nurses′empathy,psychological capital,emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and personal achievement were(52.95±10.36)points,(91.62±14.50)points,16.50(10.00,25.00)points,3.00(1.00,7.00)points,and(32.31±9.96)points respectively.Hierarchical regression results showed that after controlling for general data,empathy and psychological capital were independent factors of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment,accounting for 25.5%and 36.3%of the total variation,respectively.Conclusion Nurses′job burnout is above the average level,characterized by high emotional exhaustion,low depersonalization,and low personal accomplishment.Nursing managers should provide education and training targeting the main factors,pay attention to nurses′psychological health,to alleviate the level of job burnout and maintain nursing staff stability.

关 键 词：护士 心理资本 共情能力 职业倦怠 情感衰竭 去人性化 个人成就感 心理健康 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] C931.3[医药卫生—临床医学]