新疆及云南不同品种核桃坚果外观性状和营养品质分析  

Analysis of Appearance Characters and Nutritional Quality of Different Varieties of Walnut in Xinjiang and Yunnan

作　　者：赵丽萍 高鑫 韩丽 郭武军 方梦珂 刘键[3] ZHAO Li-ping;GAO Xin;HAN Li(Xinjiang Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Research Institute,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区产品质量监督检验研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]郑州大学,河南郑州450000 [3]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100176

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第16期156-159,230,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境建设专项(PT2106)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析新疆及云南不同产地(新疆13个批次、云南2个批次)核桃坚果外观性状及营养品质。[方法]采用常规观测法、索氏抽提法、气相色谱法、凯氏定氮法和ICP-MS法,对新疆及云南15个批次、6个品种核桃坚果8个外在品质指标和26个内在品质指标的变异情况进行研究。[结果]不同产地核桃坚果纵径、三径(纵径、横径、棱径)均值、果形指数差异较小,新疆地区核桃横径普遍较大;新疆13个批次核桃坚果出仁率(52.24%~64.33%)明显高于云南2个批次(分别为46.22%、47.68%);15个批次核桃坚果棕榈油酸、α-亚麻酸的变异系数分别为52.06%、16.04%,差异较为明显;不同地区核桃仁蛋白质含量差异较为明显,变异系数为8.78%;不同地区间核桃仁微量元素变异系数较大(9.39%~66.69%),差别明显;15个批次核桃坚果样品中重金属汞元素均未检出,砷、镉、铬均有检出,铅含量检出范围在0.021~0.032 mg/kg,但未超出GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》限量要求。[结论]该研究为核桃资源的开发利用提供科学依据。[Objective]To analyze the appearance characters and nutritional quality of walnuts in different origins of Xinjiang and Yunnan(13 batches from Xinjiang,2 batches from Yunnan).[Method]The variation of 8 external quality indexes and 26 internal quality indexes of 15 bat⁃ches and 6 varieties of walnuts from Xinjiang and Yunnan were studied by conventional observation,Soxhlet extraction,gas chromatography,Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and ICP-MS method.[Result]The longitudinal diameter,mean value of three diameters(longitudinal diame⁃ter,transverse diameter,edge diameter)and fruit shape index of walnut from different regions had little difference,and the transverse diameter of walnut from Xinjiang was generally larger.The output rate of 13 batches of walnuts in Xinjiang(52.24%-64.33%)was significantly higher than that of 2 batches in Yunnan(46.22%and 47.68%,respectively).The coefficient of variation for palmitoleic acid andα-linolenic acid in 15 batches of walnut nuts were 52.06%and 16.04%,respectively,with significant differences.The protein content of walnut kernels varied sig⁃nificantly in different regions,with a coefficient of variation of 8.78%;the coefficient of variation of trace elements in walnut kernels was rela⁃tively large among different regions(9.39%-66.69%),the difference is obvious.The heavy metal mercury was not detected in the 15 batches of walnut nut samples,arsenic,cadmium and chromium were detected,the lead content detection ranged between 0.021-0.032 mg/kg,howev⁃er,it did not exceed the limit requirements of GB 2762-2022 National Standard for Contamination in Food.[Conclusion]This study provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of walnut resources.

关 键 词：核桃坚果 外观形状 营养品质 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]