国有企业工资溢价与形成机制  

The Wage Premium for State-owned Enterprise Employees and Its Formation Mechanism

作　　者：宋扬[1,2] 石曜丞 周广肃 SONG Yang;SHI Yaocheng;ZHOU Guangsu(School of Economics,Renmin University of China;Research Institute of State-Owned Economy,Renmin University of China;School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学国有经济研究院 [3]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,100872

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2024年第7期72-85,共14页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD114);国家自然科学基金专项项目(72342033);中国人民大学研究生科学研(23XNH068)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于三轮中国企业雇主—雇员匹配数据追踪调查(CMEELS)数据,采用分位数回归和反事实分解方法,对2017—2021年国有企业工资溢价及其形成机制进行探究。研究发现:这段时期国企相对于非国企存在工资溢价,工资溢价主要集中在中高收入层次上,形成国企工资溢价的主要原因是国企和非国企间的劳动力市场分割。进一步分析表明,在高工资水平上,女性和农村户口持有者等群体在非国有企业受到了工资歧视,因此上述群体中存在较大的国企工资溢价。据此本文建议未来应坚持劳动力市场化改革方向,有针对性地打破国企和非国企之间的劳动力市场分割,加强对就业歧视行为的约束,提高中国劳动力市场运行效率。Efforts to eliminate institutional barriers hindering the mobility of labor and other factors of production are key tasks in the current construction of a unified national market.For a long time,as a typical phenomenon of China's labor market's institutional segmentation,there has been a significant wage difference between state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and non-state-owned enterprises(non-SOEs).With the successful completion of the three-year action plan for SOE reform from 2020 to 2022,China's state-owned enterprises have continuously improved their employment market mechanism.At this stage,assessing the new characteristics of SOE relative to non-SOE wage premiums and analyzing their internal formation mechanisms is of great significance for further improving the market-oriented salary system of SOEs,deepening the market-oriented reform of labor factor markets,and advancing the integration of the domestic labor market.Using Chinese Enterprises Matching Employer-Employee Data,this study employs quantile regression and counterfactual decomposition methods to examine the wage premium in state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and its formation mechanism from 2017 to 2021.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:Currently,there is a wage premium for SOEs relative to non-state-owned enterprises(non-SOEs),with the wage premium mainly concentrated in the middle and high income levels.The main reason for the wage premium in SOEs is the segmentation of the labor market between SOEs and non-SOEs.Further analysis indicates that at high wage levels,workplace vulnerable groups such as women and agricultural household registrants receive some compensation for salary discrimination,resulting in a larger SOE wage premium among these groups.Based on the above findings,this study proposes the following policy recommendations.First,adhere to the direction of market-oriented reform for labor factor markets,further break down market segmentation,and especially facilitate the flow of labor between SOEs and non-SOEs in economically underd

关 键 词：劳动力市场 国有企业改革 工资溢价 就业歧视 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F272.92[经济管理—国民经济]