沙蚕中弧菌种类、载量及杀菌药物作用效果  

Vibrio species,load and antibacterial effect of bactericidal drugs in clamworm

作　　者：苟紫玥 王秀华[2,3] 杨冰[2,3] 朱欣洁 席瑞 潘明超 胡希立 GOU Ziyue;WANG Xiuhua;YANG Bing;ZHU Xinjie;XI Rui;PAN Mingchao;HU Xili(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of MariculturalOrganism Disease Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao Key Laboratory of MaricultureEpidemiology and Biosecurity,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海水养殖病害防治重点实验室,青岛市海水养殖流行病学与生物安保重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第6期731-743,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2400205);中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费项目(20603022023025)。

摘　　要：为查清饵料沙蚕中弧菌病原携带情况,建立有效病原消除技术,本研究调查了我国沿海10个区域养殖及野生沙蚕中弧菌病原种类及载量,用柠檬酸、聚维酮碘、山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠、苹果酸、甲酸、二甲酸钾、丙酸及弧菌净(含柠檬酸与酸性硫酸钙商用产品)为杀菌药物,测试了其对溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)的体外杀菌效果;以最低体外杀菌浓度的柠檬酸、聚维酮碘及弧菌净杀菌药物浸泡沙蚕,测试了其对蚕体内弧菌的消除效果,并研究了其对沙蚕的安全浓度,同时分析了3种药物浸泡沙蚕3 h后,沙蚕体内蛋白、脂肪、胆固醇及维生素E含量变化。结果表明,样品沙蚕中携带溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、欧文氏弧菌(V.owensii)、副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)及嗜芳香环弧菌(V.cyclitrophicus),检出率分别为86.7%、20.0%、13.3%、13.3%及6.7%。样品中弧菌载量最高达到7.0×10^(4) cfu/g,最低载量为2.0×10^(3) cfu/g。9种药物体外最低杀菌浓度由低到高依次为聚维酮碘(10.0×10^(-3)g/L)、甲酸(0.5g/L)、弧菌净(1.0g/L)、柠檬酸/苹果酸/丙酸(1.2g/L)、二甲酸钾(1.6g/L)、脱氢乙酸钠(12.0 g/L),山梨酸钾(30.0g/L)。用柠檬酸、聚维酮碘及弧菌净最低有效浓度溶液浸泡沙蚕0.5h与3h,体内弧菌杀菌率分别为96.2%、66.4%、99.9%与97.7%、98.0%、100.0%。3种药物对沙蚕的安全浓度分别为48.9×10^(-3)g/L、120.3×10^(-3)g/L、963.0×10^(-3)g/L。经过3种消毒剂处理后,沙蚕体内的蛋白、脂肪、胆固醇及维生素E的含量与对照组比均有显著的降低(P<0.05)。结果提示,沙蚕作为生物饵料存在较大的生物安全风险,有机酸类药物浸泡处理能够降低病原菌载量,研究结果可为对虾疾病综合防控提供技术支撑。Clamworm is a biological bait with high nutritional value,widely used in promoting gonadal maturation of shrimp brood stock.However,as most clamworm occur in wild environments,they are prone to carrying pathogenic bacteria and viruses,posing a potential disease risk for farmed shrimp.To eliminate the pathogens carried by clamworm,antibiotics are often used by immersion.Due to the disadvantages of using antibiotics,novel safe and effective alternative products must be developed urgently.Sorbic acid,malic acid,citric acid,and other organic acids and their salts are commonly used as preservatives and fungicides in food and have potential development value for biological sterilization of aquatic bait.To research the profile of Vibrio pathogens carried by bait clamworm and establish effective pathogen elimination technology,the pathogen species and Vibrio load in 10 coastal areas of China were investigated.Sodium citric acid,povidone iodine,potassium sorbate,sodium dehydroacetate,malic acid,potassium dimethyl acid,propionic acid,and a Vibrio-killing product(VKP)—a commercial product containing citric acid and acid calcium sulfate—were employed to test the bactericidal effect in vitro in this study.The lowest and safest bactericidal concentrations of citric acid,povidone iodine,and VKP were tested in vitro for the elimination effect of Vibrios in clamworm.Additionally,protein,fat,cholesterol,and vitamin E content changes in clamworm after soaking in citric acid,povidone iodine,and VKP for 3 h were analyzed.The results displayed that the sample clamworm carried Vibrio alginolyticus,V.harveyi,V.owensii,V.parahaemolyticus,and V.parahaemolyticus with detection rates of 86.7%,20.0%,13.3%,13.3%,and 6.7%,respectively.The highest and lowest pathogenic Vibrio loads in the sample were 7.0×10^(4) and 2.0×10^(3) cfu/g,respectively.The minimum bactericidal concentrations of the nine drugs in vitro from low to high were povidone-iodine(10.0×10^(-3) g/L),formic acid(0.5 g/L),VKP(1.0 g/L),citric acid/malic acid/propionic acid(1

关 键 词：沙蚕 弧菌 有机酸 聚维酮碘 杀菌浓度 安全浓度 营养成分 

分 类 号：S941[农业科学—水产养殖]