基于辩证唯物主义认识论略谈化学工程学科发展  

Brief discussion on disciplinary development of chemical engineeringbased on dialectical materialist epistemology

作　　者：张良佺 沈涛 王小青 盖希坤 毛建卫 ZHANG Liangquan;SHEN Tao;WANG Xiaoqing;GAI Xikun;MAO Jianwei(School of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University ofScience and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技大学生物与化学工程学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《浙江科技学院学报》2024年第4期321-333,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省“十四五”研究生教育改革项目(浙学位办〔2023〕1号);浙江科技学院研究生重点课程建设项目(2020yjskj01)。

摘　　要：为培养学生关于化学工程学科的系统观、整体观、历史发展观,进而对学科内容有更深入的理解,提高其工程思维能力,基于辩证唯物主义认识论原理,系统地阐述了学科创立的基本条件和辩证发展过程。统一的研究对象、统一的研究方法是学科创立的基本前提,大规模化的化工生产过程是化学工程学科建立和发展的客观依据。化工生产过程通常由物理和化学两类不同性质的过程构成,对物理过程的研究建立了化工原理分支学科,对化学过程的研究建立了化学反应工程学科。任何过程总是包括两个方面,即过程的方向、极限及过程的速率,依据对过程方向、极限的研究建立了化工热力学分支学科,对速率的研究则是属于化工原理和化学反应工程的内容。学科的研究方法通常可分为数学解析法、数学模型法及经验法三类,不同分支学科所采取的研究方法往往各有侧重、各具特色,如传递过程偏重数学解析法,化学反应工程主要采取数学模型法,化工原理则以经验法为主要特色。基于唯物辩证法,系统地阐述了学科的辩证发展过程,学科的发展是其自身的自我否定,完整的辩证发展过程必然经历两次否定,才能达到自身完善。化学工程学科正是经历了从综合到分解,再由分解到综合的两次否定过程,到化工系统工程创立,最终形成了完整的学科体系,从而完美地诠释了辩证唯物主义的科学性和真理性。唯物辩证法为我们培养正确的学科发展观提供了根本的方法依循。To cultivate students'systematic view,holistic view,and historical development perspective of the discipline of chemical engineering,thereby enabling them to gain a deeper understanding of the disciplinary content and enhancing their engineering thinking abilities,the basic conditions for the establishment of the discipline and its dialectical development process were systematically expounded on the basis of principles of dialectical materialist epistemology.The unified research object and methodology constitute the fundamental prerequisites for the establishment of the discipline,while the large-scale chemical production process serves as the objective basis for the disciplinary establishment and development of chemical engineering.The chemical production process is typically comprised of two distinct types of processes:physical and chemical.The study of physical process leads to the establishment of the subfield of chemical engineering principles,while the study of chemical process leads to the establishment of chemical reaction engineering.Any process inherently involves two aspects:the direction and limits of the process,as well as its rate.Based on the study of process direction and limits,the subfield of chemical engineering thermodynamics is established,while the study of process rates falls within the purview of chemical engineering principles and chemical reaction engineering.Research methodology in discipline can generally be classified into three categories:mathematical analysis,mathematical modeling,and empirical method.Different subfields tend to emphasize and exhibit unique characteristics in their research methods,such as the preference for mathematical analysis in transport process,the primary use of mathematical modeling in chemical reaction engineering,and the emphasis on empirical method in chemical engineering principles.Based on dialectical materialism,the dialectical development process of the discipline was systematically expounded.The development of a discipline is a process of self-negati

关 键 词：化学工程 辩证唯物主义认识观 单元操作 传递过程 化学反应工程 化工热力学 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]