植物化学物质抗衰老活性研究进展  

Research Progress in the Anti-aging Effects of Phytochemicals

作　　者：朱珍珠 姚明江 廖柳月 高铭蔚 张梓文 ZHU Zhenzhu;YAO Mingjiang;LIAO Liuyue;GAO Mingwei;ZHANG Ziwen(College of Food Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《食品科学》2024年第17期265-276,共12页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31700714);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX23_1897)。

摘　　要：随着老龄化人口增加,老年人健康问题备受关注。衰老是一个复杂的生物学过程,伴随着机体的生理完整性逐渐丧失,生理功能逐渐下降。通过饮食进行营养干预是抵抗机体衰老最有效的策略之一。植物化学物质是一类具有活性的物质,广泛存在于果蔬、酒水茶饮中。通过饮食摄入植物化学物质在抗衰老过程中发挥着重要作用。本文通过查阅近十年国内外的文献,对植物化学物质的抗衰老作用进行归纳和总结。首先概述最新的衰老理论,衰老理论研究的不断完善得益于研究学者从模式生物中受到的启示,进而简单介绍秀丽隐杆线虫和啮齿类动物(小鼠、大鼠)两类常用的模式生物在研究衰老理论方面的优缺点。然后,从7个方面重点阐述植物化学物质的抗衰老效果及抗衰老机制,包括增强机体抗氧化能力、调控营养感应、激活端粒酶的活性、修复线粒体功能、清除衰老细胞、诱导干细胞增殖和分化、增强抗炎活性。旨在探讨植物化学物质直接或间接干预衰老的潜在机制,挖掘植物化学物质在食品营养方面的应用前景,为合理膳食防治衰老相关疾病奠定理论基础。With the increase of aging population,the health of the elderly is of great concern.Aging is a complex biological process,accompanied by a gradual loss of physiological integrity of the body and consequently a decline in physiological function.Nutritional intervention through diet is one of the most effective strategies to resist aging.Phytochemicals are a class of bioactive substances that widely exist in fruits,vegetables and drinks.Dietary intake of phytochemicals plays an important role in the anti-aging process.In this article,we summarize the literature concerning the anti-aging effects of phytochemicals in the past decade.First,this article gives an overview of the latest theories of aging,which have been established based on inspiration from model organisms.Next,this article briefly outlines the advantages and disadvantages of two model organisms commonly used for studying the theory of aging,Caenorhabditis elegans and rodents(mice or rats).Then,it focuses on elucidating the anti-aging effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals from seven aspects,including enhancing antioxidant capacity,regulating nutrient sensing,activating telomerase activity,repairing mitochondrial function,clearing senescent cells,inducing stem cell proliferation and differentiation,and enhancing anti-inflammatory activity.This article aims to explore the mechanism by which phytochemicals directly or indirectly intervene in the aging process and the application prospects of phytochemicals in food nutrition for the purpose of laying a theoretical foundation for a rational diet for the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases.

关 键 词：衰老理论 植物化学物质 抗衰老活性 作用机制 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]