4种氮肥用量对‘紫嫣’茶树生长发育的影响  

Effect of Four Nitrogen Dosages on the Growth and Development of'Ziyan'Tea Plants

作　　者：谭晓琴[1] 王聪明 黄嘉诚 范虹利 杨洋 唐茜[1,3] TAN Xiaoqin;WANG Congming;HUANG Jiacheng;FAN Hongli;YANG Yang;TANG Qian(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Yizhichun Tea Industry Co.,Ltd.,Leshan 614501,Sichuan,China;Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都611130 [2]四川一枝春茶业有限公司,四川乐山614501 [3]四川省精制川茶重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第4期879-885,共7页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0840502);四川省科技厅项目(2021YFN0004、2023NZZJ0003)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮肥用量对‘紫嫣’茶树生长和生化成分含量的影响,为‘紫嫣’茶树高产高效栽培体系的建立提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置4个尿素水平(0、375、525、675 kg/hm^(2)),比较不同氮肥用量下‘紫嫣’茶树产量、品质成分和氮磷钾含量的差异。【结果】不同施氮量处理均能不同程度地促进‘紫嫣’茶树新梢生长、芽叶品质成分含量及氮磷钾的积累,提高土壤酶活性,以560 kg/hm^(2)尿素处理效果显著。此处理下,‘紫嫣’茶树春茶产量显著增加27.44%,春梢的水浸出物、氨基酸和茶多酚含量显著提高10.41%、27.38%、10.09%,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素显著提高37.35%、25.00%、19.57%。而夏梢的水浸出物、茶多酚含量和叶绿素总量较不追肥处理仍显著提高。【结论】适量氮肥利于‘紫嫣’茶树生长,使产量和品质提高,但随着氮肥用量增加,氮肥的促进效应降低。因此,对‘紫嫣’茶园(黄壤土pH=4.66,有机质27.43 g/kg,全氮1.24 g/kg,速效磷32.05 mg/kg,速效钾81 mg/kg)宜追施525 kg/hm^(2)尿素。【Objective】The study purposes to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the growth and biochemical components of'Ziyan',providing a theoretical basis for the establishment of a high-yield and efficient cultivation systems for'Ziyan'tea plants.【Method】In the study,four nitrogen levels(0,375,525,675 kg/hm^(2))were set in the field to explore the differences in yield,quality components,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content of'Ziyan'under different nitrogen fertilizer dosages.【Result】Different nitrogen dosages could promote the growth of new tea sprouts and the accumulation of quality components as well as the nutrients like nitrogen,phosphor,and potassium in'Ziyan'tea plants,Moreover,nitrogen application improved the soil enzymatic activity.Taken together,the treatment of 525 kg/hm^(2) performed significantly.In this treatment,the yield of spring tea of'Ziyan'increased signifi-cantly by 27.44%,and the contents of water extract,amino acid,tea polyphenol increased by 10.41%,27.38%and 10.09%,respectively,while the chlorophyll,carotenoids,and anthocyanins increased sig-nificantly by 37.35%,25.00%and 19.57%,respectively.However,the water extract,tea polyphenol,and total chlorophyll contents of the summer shoots had significantly increasing trends in comparison to the control treatment.【Conclusion】Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to the growth of'Ziyan',which resulted in an increase in the yield and quality.However,as the dosage of nitrogen fer-tilizer increases,the promoting effect of nitrogen fertilizer weakens.Therefore,525 kg/hm^(2) of urea should be topically applied to the'Ziyan'tea garden,where soil pH is 4.66,organic matter 27.43 g/kg,total nitrogen 1.24 g/kg,available phosphorus 32.05 mg/kg,and available potassium 81.00 mg/kg.

关 键 词：茶树 氮肥用量 生长发育 生化成分 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]