繁荣表象下的暗流涌动:印度私立基础教育发展的问题、成因及举措  

The Undercurrents Beneath the Surface of Prosperity:Problems,Causes and Measures of the Development of Private Basic Education in India

作　　者：王建梁[1] 刘晨曦 WANG Jianliang;LIU Chenxi(College of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2024年第7期3-20,共18页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金教育学重点项目“民办教育分类管理视域下的举办者行为规制研究”(项目编号:AFA220024)。

摘　　要：私立基础教育几乎占据了印度基础教育系统的半壁江山,日益成为印度社会关注的焦点问题。在印度私立基础教育的繁荣表象背后,仍然存在低收入群体获得优质教育的机会遭受损害、教育公平的补偿原则未得到充分遵循、私立学校的绝对质量仍不尽如人意等问题,原因在于监管体系繁冗失衡、配额政策制定不完备、强制规定私立学校的非营利性。为促进私立基础教育的高质量发展,印度政府积极采取对策:政府加强顶层设计,为改革学校监管体系提供政策指引;设立邦学校标准局,制定学校质量评估与保障框架;加强录取监管与成果监测,敦促邦政府规范报销。这为我国提供了三点启示:树立全局观念,提高民办基础教育政策制定与实施的系统性与协同性;对民办基础教育实施坚持学习成果导向的质量评估监测,避免利益冲突;优化完善政府购买民办义务教育学位机制,进一步推进义务教育优质均衡发展。Private basic education,which constitutes almost half of India's basic edu⁃cation system,is increasingly becoming a major concern for Indian society.Behind the boom in private basic education in India,the access of low-income groups to quality educa⁃tion has been compromised,the principle of compensatory equity in education has not been fully respected,and the absolute quality of private schools remains unsatisfactory,owing to a cumbersome and imbalanced regulatory system,an incomplete policy on quotas,and the mandatory non-profit nature of private schools.In order to promote the high-quality devel⁃opment of private basic education,the Indian government has actively taken countermea⁃sures:the government has strengthened the top-level design to provide policy guidelines for reforming the school regulatory system;set up the State School Standards Authority to devel⁃op a framework for assessing and guaranteeing the quality of schools;and strengthened the regulation of admissions and monitoring of results,urging the state government to stan⁃dardise reimbursement.This provides three lessons for China:establish a holistic view and improve the systemic and synergistic nature of policy formulation and implementation in private basic education;implement quality assessment and monitoring of private basic educa⁃tion that adheres to a learning outcomes-oriented approach,so as to avoid conflicts of interest;and optimise and improve the mechanism for the Government's purchase of private compulsory school places,so as to further promote the high-quality and balanced develop⁃ment of compulsory education.

关 键 词：印度 私立教育 基础教育 配额政策 

分 类 号：G53[文化科学—教育学] G57[文化科学—教育技术学] G351