基于压电效应的高速铁路路基压电俘能方法研究  

Research on piezoelectric energy harvesting methods for high-speed railway subgrade based on piezoelectric effect

作　　者：陈晓斌[1,2] 金伟涛 谢康 吕金 熊家坤 吕鑫龙 CHEN Xiaobin;JIN Weitao;XIE Kang;LÜJin;XIONG Jiakun;LÜXinlong(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Key MOE Laboratory of Heavy Haul Railway Engineering,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]重载铁路工程结构教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第8期3001-3014,共14页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978674)。

摘　　要：为了充分利用高速列车运行中产生的振动能量来解决复杂环境下采集设备的供电问题,将压电技术应用于铁路工程中,而现在针对高铁路基的压电俘能新方法的探究尚不明晰,缺乏相关的结构研究以适应路基发电的需求,导致路基内的振动能以热量的形式消散。针对这一问题,首先,基于压电效应理论,结合高速铁路路基动力响应特点设计出压电俘能装置HRS-PEH(High-speed Railway Piezoelectric Energy Harvester),建立高速铁路路基压电俘能新方法;其次,通过室内列车荷载模拟试验,探究动载振幅、频率和外接电阻等关键参数对HRS-PEH发电量的影响;最后开展现场行车试验,进一步验证HRS-PEH装置的适用性。研究结果表明:1) HRS-PEH的开路电压随动载振幅的增大而增大,且与频率无明显关系,而负载电压随动载频率和振幅的增加,均呈现线性增大的趋势。故可在工程应用中将HRS-PEH布置在基床表层顶面、钢轨正下方,即可获得最大发电量。2) HRS-PEH的输出功率整体上随外接电阻的增加,呈现出先增大后减小趋势,故存在最优外接电阻使得HRS-PEH发电量最大。3)行车试验发现,若将HRS-PEH布置于高铁路基基床表层,当CRH5型高速列车仅以55 km/h低速运行时,HRS-PEH就可收获0.71 J电能,可以满足路基健康监控设备的正常工作需求。研究成果可高效利用列车振动能量转换为无污染电能,推动铁路“双碳”战略目标的实现。To harness the vibration energy generated by high-speed train operations and address the power supply challenges of data acquisition equipment in complex environments,there is a growing interest in applying piezoelectric technology to railway engineering.However,current investigations into new methods of piezoelectric energy harvesting for high-speed railway subgrades are underdeveloped,with a significant gap in relevant structural research to adapt to the power generation needs of subgrades.This gap results in the dissipation of vibrational energy within the subgrade as heat.To address this issue,this research introduced a novel piezoelectric energy harvesting device,termed the High-speed Railway Piezoelectric Energy Harvester(HRS-PEH)and specifically designed to match the dynamic response characteristics of high-speed railway subgrades.The study pioneered a new approach for piezoelectric energy harvesting in high-speed railway subgrades.Through rigorous indoor simulation experiments that replicate train loading conditions,the impact of key parameters such as dynamic load amplitude,frequency,and external load resistance on the electrical output of the HRS-PEH was thoroughly investigated.Subsequent field trials were conducted to further validate the practical applicability of the HRS-PEH device.The research findings are significant and reveal the following:(1)The open-circuit voltage of HRS-PEH increases proportionally with the amplitude of dynamic loading and displays no significant correlation with frequency.Concurrently,the load voltage exhibits a consistent linear increase with both dynamic load frequency and amplitude.Hence,for optimal energy harvesting in practical engineering applications,the placement of HRS-PEH is recommended on the top surface of the subgrade,directly beneath the steel rails.(2)The overall output power of HRS-PEH initially increases with the external load resistance and subsequently decreases,indicating the existence of an optimal external load resistance that maximizes energy output.(3

关 键 词：高铁路基 压电理论 室内试验 行车测试 “双碳”目标 

分 类 号：U213.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]