关于道岔尖轨弯曲矫直后回弹的理论研究  

Theoretical Study on Rebound of Switch Point Rail After Bending and Straightening

作　　者：崔琨喨 柳亚楠 CUI Kunliang;LIU Yanan(China Railway Shanhaiguan Bridge Group Co.Ltd.,Qinhuangdao Hebei 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁山桥集团有限公司,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《铁道建筑》2024年第8期21-24,共4页Railway Engineering

摘　　要：尖轨在生产过程中会产生上下和左右弯曲。为了满足直线度要求,要对尖轨进行矫直,而矫直后钢轨产生的回弹现象会直接影响道岔质量。针对这一问题,本文基于弹塑性力学,对钢轨回弹的原因进行理论分析;对形状复杂的钢轨横断面进行合理简化,进而方便计算出钢轨的弹性极限弯矩;结合矫直理论,通过分析钢轨顶弯矫直条件,推导出钢轨反向弯曲挠度与顶弯支距的关系式,并应用于尖轨顶弯调直试验。结果表明:采用计算得到的钢轨反向弯曲挠度进行尖轨矫直,矫直后及放置24 h后尖轨的平直度均满足TB/T 412-2020《标准轨距铁路道岔》的要求。采用该方法可以大幅提高顶弯质量和工作效率。The pointed rail will bend up and down or left and right during the production process.In order to meet the straightness requirements,the pointed rail needs to be straightened,and the rebound phenomenon of the pointed rail after straightening will directly affect the quality of the turnout.In response to this issue,this article conducted a theoretical analysis of the causes of rail rebound based on elastic-plastic mechanics.The cross-section of steel rails with complex shapes should be reasonably simplified to facilitate the calculation of the elastic ultimate bending moment of the rails.Based on the straightening theory,by analyzing the straightening conditions for top bend of steel rails,the relationship between the reverse bending deflection of steel rails and the top bend support distance was derived,and applied to the top bend straightening test of pointed rails.The results show that using the calculated reverse bending deflection of the rail for straightening the pointed rail,the straightness of the pointed rail after straightening and after 24 h of placement meets the requirements of TB/T 412-2020 Standard Gauge Railway Turnouts.This method can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of top bend.

关 键 词：道岔 尖轨 理论分析 矫直 回弹 弯曲挠度 

分 类 号：U213.63[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]