遮阳网颜色和宽度对‘马瑟兰’葡萄果实和葡萄酒品质的影响  

The quality of‘Marselan’grapes and wines under sunshade nets with different widths and colors

作　　者：李磊 谷威杰[1,2,3] 苏旺春 陈可钦 张克坤 房玉林 LI Lei;GU Weijie;SU Wangchun;CHEN Keqin;ZHANG Kekun;FANG Yulin(College of Wine,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Heyang Grape Experiment and Demonstration Station,Northwest A&F University,Heyang,Shaanxi 715300,China;Ningxia Helan Mountain East Foot Wine Experimental and Demonstration Station,Northwest A&F University,Yongning,Ningxia 750104,China;Ningxia Helan Mountain Donglu Meiyu Wine Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750026,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学合阳葡萄试验示范站,陕西合阳715300 [3]西北农林科技大学,宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄酒试验示范站,宁夏永宁750104 [4]宁夏贺兰山东麓美御酒业有限公司,银川750026

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第9期1355-1364,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02014);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-YBXM-024);国家葡萄产业技术体系项目(CARS-29-zp-6)。

摘　　要：【目的】炎热产区栽培的酿酒葡萄糖积累过快而有机酸降解严重,考察遮阳网对该区酿酒葡萄和葡萄酒品质的影响,为解决葡萄品质不协调问题提供理论依据。【方法】以宁夏贺兰山东麓田间定植主栽酿酒葡萄‘马瑟兰’为材料,从转色期至采收期,在葡萄两侧搭建不同宽度(1.0,0.6 m)和颜色(黑、红、白色)的遮阳网,测定成熟期葡萄和葡萄酒的糖组分、有机酸、酚类物质含量。【结果】(1)1.0 m红色遮阳网显著降低了葡萄果实含糖量,显著抑制葡萄果实和葡萄酒中有机酸降解;(2)遮阳网能够提高葡萄果实中总类黄酮含量,降低其总单宁、总花色苷和总黄烷三醇含量;(3)遮阳网降低了葡萄酒中总花色苷含量,0.6 m黑色遮阳网提高了葡萄酒总单宁、总酚、总类黄酮和总黄烷三醇含量。【结论】遮阳网宽度对葡萄果实和葡萄酒糖酸含量调节效果更好,而遮阳网颜色对葡萄果实和葡萄酒非花色苷酚类物质含量提高效果更佳,应结合具体葡萄生产目标选择遮阳网颜色和宽度。[Objective]Cultivation of winegrapes in hot regions leads to excessive sugar accumulation and severe degradation of organic acids.Through a shading net experiment with the main cultivar of winegrapes in the Helan Mountain East Slope of Ningxia,this study provides a theoretical basis for solving the problem of inconsistent quality of winegrapes in hot regions.[Methods]Using‘Marselan’grapevines planted in the field as materials,sugar components,organic acids,and phenolic substances in grapes and wines were determined during the maturation period under white,red,and black shading nets with widths of 0.6 and 1.0 m setting up on both sides of the grapes from the veraison period to the harvest period.[Results](1)Red sunshade net with 1.0 m width significantly reduced the sugar content of grape fruits,and significantly inhibited the degradation of organic acids in grape fruits and wine.(2)Sunshade net treatment increased the contents of total flavonoids in grape fruits,and reduced the contents of total tan-nins,total anthocyanins,and total flavantriols in grape fruits.(3)Sunshade net treatment reduced the content of total anthocyanins in wine,and 0.6 m width black sunshade net treatment increased the content of total tannins,total phenols,total flavonoids and total flavantriols in wine.[Conclusion]Shading net width had a better effect on the regulation of sugar and acid content of grape fruits and wine,while shading net color had a better effect on the improvement of non-anthocyanin phenol content of grape fruits and wine.Shading net color and width should be selected according to specific grape production objectives.

关 键 词：遮阳网 酿酒葡萄 可溶性糖 有机酸 酚类物质 花色苷 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] TS262.6[农业科学—园艺学]