Early life adversity as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease  

作　　者：Zhihai Huang J.Dedrick Jordan Quanguang Zhang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Neurology,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,1501 Kings Highway,Shreveport,LA 71103,USA

出　　处：《Translational Neurodegeneration》2023年第1期550-567,共18页转化神经变性病（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number RF1AG058603.

摘　　要：Neurological conditions,including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD),impose a huge burden on society,affecting millions of people globally.In addition to genetic factors,recent studies indicate that environmental and experiential factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.Early life adversity(ELA)has a profound impact on brain function and health later in life.In rodent models,exposure to ELA results in specific cognitive deficits and aggravated AD pathology.Extensive concerns have been raised regarding the higher risk of developing cognitive impairments in people with a history of ELA.In this review,we scrutinize findings from human and animal studies focusing on the connection of ELA with cognitive impairment and AD.These discoveries suggest that ELA,especially at early postnatal stages,increases susceptibility to cognitive impairment and AD later in life.In terms of mechanisms,ELA could lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis,altered gut microbiome,persistent inflammation,oligodendrocyte dysfunction,hypomyelination,and aberrant adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Crosstalks among these events may synergistically contribute to cognitive impairment later in life.Additionally,we discuss several interventions that may alleviate adverse consequences of ELA.Further investigation into this crucial area will help improve ELA management and reduce the burden of related neurological conditions.

关 键 词：Early life adversity Cognitive impairment Alzheimer’s disease DEMENTIA STRESS 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]