20世纪50年代高校教育系科调整的回顾与反思  

Retrospect and Reflection on the Adjustment of Education Departments in Institutions of Higher Learning in the 1950s

作　　者：侯怀银[1] 尹雪 HOU Huaiyin;YIN Xue(School of Education Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030006,China;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学教育科学学院,山西太原030006 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第5期36-44,共9页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

摘　　要：高校教育系科调整是中华人民共和国成立以后改造旧高等教育的重要环节之一,是高等师范院校改革的重要组成部分。20世纪50年代高校教育系科调整主要经历了初步调整、全面布局、重构发展和独立探索四个阶段。此次调整的主要目的是为了发展新教育、提高教师的整体质量,由于受到苏联师范院校改革经验以及重新确定学科职能因素的影响,教育系科的发展模式、分布结构、职能规定和专业设置都发生了重大调整。此次调整不仅整合了教育系科发展的现有资源,奠定了中华人民共和国教育系科的发展基础,同时也形塑了当今教育系科资源的学校区域和结构上的差异性。吸取20世纪50年代系科调整的经验,高校教育系科调整应由政府主导,联系学校和地方实际需要,注重发展模式的构建和分布结构的规划,同时全面考虑职能定位、科学规范设置专业,以及重视系科建设传统的继承和发展。The adjustment of education departments in institutions of higher learning was a pivotal process in the transformation of China’s higher education system following the founding of the People’s Republic of China.It also played a crucial role in the reform of normal universities.The process unfolded in four distinct stages:initial adjustment,overall reorganization,reconstruction and development,and independent exploration.The primary objective was to cultivate a new educational paradigm and enhance the overall quality of teachers.Influenced by the reform experiences of normal universities in the former Soviet Union and the redefinition of disciplinary functions,significant changes occurred in the development model,distribution structure,functional roles,and disciplinary classifications.These adjustments not only integrated the existing resources within education departments,laying a foundation for their development in the PRC,but also shaped the current geographical distribution and structural organization of educational resources across China.Drawing on the experiences of the 1950s,contemporary adjustments in higher education departments should be government⁃led,responsive to the needs of schools and localities,and focused on developing appropriate models and planning distribution structures.Additionally,such adjustments should emphasize a clear functional orientation,implement scientific,standardized disciplinary classifications,and pay attention to the preservation and advancement of departmental traditions.

关 键 词：20世纪50年代 教育系科 系科调整 高等院校 高等教育 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]