有机酸对青贮玉米原料模拟压车条件发酵品质和真菌变化的研究  

Study on the changes of fermentation quality and fungi of silage maizeby organic acids under simulated rolling conditions

作　　者：张彩霞[1,2] 王海荣 李俊峰[2] 张吉明 李俊良 韩吉雨 ZHANG Caixia;WANG Hairong;LI Junfeng;ZHANG Jiming;LI Junliang;HAN Jiyu(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010000,China;Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co.,LTD.,Tumert Left Banner,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010080,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Tumert Left Banner,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010080,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [2]内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010080 [3]国家乳业技术创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010080

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第17期149-154,共6页China Feed

基　　金：国家乳业技术创新中心科技攻关项目“奶牛优质饲草高产栽培关键技术研究与示范”(2022--1)。

摘　　要：为抑制青贮玉米原料在运输压车过程中的异常发酵,探究不同有机酸盐对其抑制情况的影响,本试验以青贮玉米原料为材料,选用山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠为添加剂,模拟青贮拉运堆积状态,以不添加为对照分别在模拟青贮拉运压车0、6、12、18、24、36 h采样测定营养成分、霉菌毒素及36 h的真菌微群落结构,同时监控每隔2 h的温度变化,旨在筛选出可抑制青贮玉米原料异常发酵的有机酸添加剂。结果表明:与对照组相比,山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠能够显著抑制玉米青贮原料异常发酵的温度(P<0.05),其中山梨酸钾效果最为显著,在18~20 h降到了最低温度,温度为20.01℃;添加剂对营养成分的影响在各个发酵时间点的规律均不一致,在36 h时均会降低干物质、淀粉和粗灰分含量;与其他两组相比,苯甲酸钠组呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮含量显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低了31.6%和21.2%。综上所述,苯甲酸钠可抑制玉米青贮原料异常发酵。In order to inhibit the abnormal fermentation of silage corn raw materials during transportation,the effects of different organic acid salts on their inhibition were investigated.In this experiment,silage corn raw materials were used as materials,potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were selected as additives to simulate the accumulation state of silage,and no addition was used as a control to sample and determine the nutritional components,mycotoxins and fungal micro-community structure at 0,6,12,18,24 h and 36 h of simulated silage hauler,respectively.At the same time,the temperature changes every 2 h were monitored to screen out the organic acid additives that could inhibit the abnormal fermentation of silage corn raw materials and their mechanism of action.The results showed that compared with the control,potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate could significantly inhibit the abnormal fermentation temperature of corn silage(P<0.05).Among them,potassium sorbate had the most significant effect,which decreased to the lowest temperature at 18~20 h,and the temperature was 20.01℃.The effects of additives on nutritional components were inconsistent at each fermentation time point,and the contents of dry matter,starch and ash decreased at 36 h.Compared with the other two groups,the sodium benzoate group significantly reduced the content of vomitoxin and zearalenone(P<0.05),which decreased by 31.6%and 21.2%,respectively.In summary,sodium benzoate could inhibit the abnormal fermentation of corn silage raw materials.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 山梨酸钾 苯甲酸钠 温度 霉菌毒素 真菌微生物 

分 类 号：S816.3[农业科学—饲料科学]