亲子关系和环境敏感性对青少年心理健康的共同作用  

Joint effects of parent-child relationship and environmental sensitivity on adolescent mental health

作　　者：董倩[1] 马青艳[1] 董莹莹[1] 王崴[1] 马现仓[1] DONG Qian;MA Qingyan;DONG Yingying;WANG Wei;MA Xiancang(Department of Psychiatry,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院精神心理卫生科,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2024年第5期866-871,共6页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82171505);陕西省重点研发计划项目(No.2024SF-YBXM-070)。

摘　　要：目的从青少年人格-家庭环境交互作用的视角,考察亲子关系及环境敏感性对青少年心理问题的共同作用。方法2023年3月-5月在陕西省西安市6个地区随机选取12所中学开展横断面研究,以7010名青少年为研究对象,采用高敏感儿童量表(Highly Sensitive Child Scale,HSC),病人健康问卷(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9),长处和困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)和幸福指数量表分别评估青少年的环境敏感性及心理健康水平。结果①女生与男生相比,对环境更加敏感(t=-7.504,P<0.01);②在预测青少年抑郁情绪和外化问题时,亲子冲突、支持和环境敏感性主效应显著(b=-0.263、0.237、0.332,P<0.001;b=0.201、0.220,P<0.001),同时亲子冲突与环境敏感性的交互作用显著(b=-0.072,P<0.05;b=0.092,P<0.05);③Widaman’s的验证和竞争分析发现,亲子冲突与环境敏感性对抑郁情绪和外化行为的交互作用分别支持差异敏感和素质-压力模型(BIC=2170.98、2162.6)。结论高环境敏感性的青少年更易受与父母更多冲突关系的负面影响,也更易从低水平冲突关系中获益,环境敏感性可能是一种易感因素而非脆弱因素。Objective To examine the joint effects of parent-child relationship and environmental sensitivity(ES)on adolescent mental health from the perspective of sensitivity X family conflict interaction.Methods In 2023,we investigated 7,010 adolescents from six junior high schools in Shaanxi Province,China.Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess parent-child relationship,ES,and adolescent mental health.ES was assessed by Highly Sensitive Child Scale(HSC);Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ),and Happiness index were used to measure depression,externalizing problems,and subjective well-being.Results①Girls’ES scores were significantly higher than boys’(t=-7.504,P<0.01).②When predicting depression and externalizing problems,the main effects of parent-child relationship and ES in adolescents were significant(b=-0.263,0.237,0.332,P<0.001;b=0.201,0.220,P<0.001),and the interaction between family conflicts and ES was significant(b=-0.072,P<0.05;b=0.092,P<0.05).(3)Widaman’s confirmatory and competitive approach results showed the significant interaction of sensitivity X family conflict with depression and externalizing problems,which were consistent with the differential susceptibility and diathesis-stress framework,respectively(BIC=2170.98,2162.6).Conclusion Adolescents with high environmental sensitivity suffer more from high family conflict and benefit more from low family conflicts.These sensitive adolescents can be described as having developmentally susceptibility rather than vulnerability.

关 键 词：亲子关系 环境敏感性 心理健康 环境敏感性模型 青少年 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]