护理本科生对临床营养学态度和知识及教学与考核模式的意向调查与分析  

Survey and analysis of the attitudes towards and knowledge of clinical nutrition and the preference on teaching and examination method among undergraduate nursing students

作　　者：王方 刘鹏举 Wang Fang;Liu Pengju(Department of Clinical Nutrition,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院、北京协和医院临床营养科,北京100730

出　　处：《中华临床营养杂志》2024年第4期239-245,共7页Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

基　　金：中央高水平医院临床科研业务费资助(2022-PUMCH-B-055)。

摘　　要：目标研究旨在调查和分析护理本科生对临床营养学的态度、能力、教学与考核方法意向,以及基础营养学知识的掌握情况。方法采用分层抽样方法,选取北京协和护理学院2021-2023级一至三年级护理本科学生进行横断面调查,以问卷形式调查“对营养学的态度、护士在临床营养诊疗中的重要性、对实施营养咨询的自信、营养知识的了解、对课程和考核形式的意向”等方面内容,分为“很不同意/很没信心、不同意/没信心、不确定、同意/有信心、很同意/很有信心”5个等级(1~5分),并通过选择题测试其营养学基础知识。结果共有262人完成和反馈了调查和测验。252人(96.2%)认可护士应该参与健康生活方式的计划和宣教工作,认同护士在临床营养诊疗中的重要性,有意愿进行学习。对营养的关注度欠佳,女生优于男生[(4.07±0.92)分比(3.63±0.84)分,P=0.017],不同年级间差异无统计学意义[(3.54±0.98)分比(3.96±0.83)分比(3.87±0.60)分,P=0.107]。学生认为营养教育欠缺,对实施营养宣教信心不足。男女生基础知识测试显示掌握营养学知识较为薄弱,平均分为12.82分,及格率为68.7%。随年级升高,成绩有显著升高[(11.91±3.26)分比(12.38±3.64)分比(14.61±2.45)分,P=0.001],经过营养教育的学生成绩优于未经过教育者[(13.32±3.52)分比(11.28±3.52)分,P=0.004],然而成绩与对营养学态度、宣教自信心和对营养关注度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。关于教学方式,146人(55.7%)选择“传统方法+临床案例分析+反转课堂”的综合方法。结论护理本科生认识到营养在医疗保健中的重要性,并认为护士在营养宣教等方面的意义,护理学生对营养学习有积极态度,但对营养关注度、营养宣教的信心和知识有限。可以将基于临床实践的教学方法融入课堂来提升营养课程的质量和授课方法。Objective To investigate,assess and analyze the attitude and competency in terms of clinical nutrition and intentions of teaching and examination methods,and their basic nutrition knowledge.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified sampling method among first-to third-year undergraduate nursing students.A questionnaire was designed to cover several domains including attitude towards clinical nutrition,the importance of nurses in clinical nutrition practice,self-confidence in implementing nutrition counseling,knowledge of nutrition,and preference about teaching and examination methods,each of which was categorized into the 5 levels of strongly disagree/very unconfident,disagree/unconfident,unsure,agree/confident,and strongly agree/very confident(i.e.,a scale of 1-5).Besides,the nutrition knowledge was examined through multiple choice questions.Results A total of 262 students completed the survey.252(96.2%)students agreed that the nurses should be involved in the planning and promotions of patient healthy lifestyle,acknowledged the importance of nurses in clinical nutrition practice,and were willing to learn.However,there was overall under-recognition of nutrition,with the score of 4.07±0.92 in females and 3.63±0.84 in males(P=0.017),whereas no significant difference was seen across grades(3.54±0.98,3.96±0.83 and 3.87±0.60 for Grade 1,2 and 3 students,respectively,P=0.107).Students considered current nutritional training as inadequate and had low self-confidence in implementing patient nutritional education.The test showed overall poor knowledge on nutrition,with a mean score of 12.82/20 and a pass rate of 68.7%.The students in Grade 3(14.61±2.45)performed better than those in Grade 1 and 2(11.91±3.26 and 12.38±3.64,P=0.001).Students who have received nutritional training performed better than those who have not(13.32±3.52 vs.11.28±3.52,P=0.004).However,there was no significant correlation between the test scores and the attitude towards nutrition,self-confidence in nutrition educati

关 键 词：护理本科生 健康教育 营养学观念 营养学知识 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] R47-4[文化科学—教育学]