家族企业如何兼顾双元创新?——基于家族企业治理的经验性分析  

How to Balance Exploratory Innovation and Exploitative Innovation in Family Business?Analysis based on Family Governance

作　　者：马骏 孟繁博 MA Jun;MENG Fanbo(School of Business,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Jiangsu Province United Front Theory Research Base of Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学商学院,江苏无锡214122 [2]江苏省统一战线理论研究江南大学基地,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2024年第8期35-54,共20页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72102088、72002232);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72072188);无锡市哲学社会科学招标课题(统战专项)(WXSK24-TZ-03)。

摘　　要：开发式创新能够提升企业的短期绩效水平,而探索式创新则能够引导企业获取长期竞争优势。然而,在资源约束条件下,家族企业往往无法有效兼顾两类创新活动。在此背景下,短期生存和长期存续的双元平衡越来越成为家族企业技术创新过程中面临的重大挑战。已有学者考察了个体、家族和组织特征对两类创新活动的影响及其作用机制,但一定程度上忽视了家族治理的作用。对此,文章基于组织双元性的分析框架,利用2004年至2020年中国上市家族企业的样本数据,对上述问题进行分析,研究发现:第一,家族企业能够依靠正式治理推动探索式创新活动的开展,同时利用非正式治理来引导开发式创新活动的投入。第二,外部行业市场竞争的加剧强化了正式治理对探索式创新的积极作用,同时弱化了非正式治理对开发式创新的积极作用。第三,经营期望落差强化了正式治理对探索式创新的积极作用,而经营期望顺差强化了非正式治理对开发式创新的积极作用。第四,具有跨代传承意愿的家族企业更倾向于借助正式治理来推动探索式创新。上述研究结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立。In recent years,technological innovation has increasingly become an important means for family businesses to gain competitive advantages.Generally,exploitative innovation can improve the short-term performance level of enterprises,while exploratory innovation can guide enterprises to obtain long-term competitive advantages.However,under the constraints of limited resources,family businesses often cannot effectively balance the two types of innovation activities.Even if they have the ability to do so,family businesses exhibit lower willingness to exploratory innovation due to their relatively conservative attitude.In this context,the balance between short-term survival and long-term survival has increasingly become a major challenge faced by family businesses in the process of technological innovation.The core issue of this research is whether and how family businesses can effectively allocate and balance exploitative innovation and exploratory innovation by changing and adjusting governing methods,in order to balance short-term and long-term survival goals.Specifically,based on the analysis framework of organizational ambidexterity,this research focuses on three pairs of"issues"in family business's organizational behavior,especially in innovation behavior,and further discusses the differences between family businesses and non family businesses,as well as within family businesses,in ambidextrous innovation.On this basis,this research systematically analyzes the possible impact and mechanism of different governance models(formal governance and informal governance)within family businesses on ambidextrous innovation from the perspective of"willingness&ability".Finally,this research further explores the situational factors that influence the relationship between family business governance and ambidextrous innovation from two aspects:external environmental factors(industry competitiveness)and internal organizational factors(business expectations and cross-generational inheritance).In response to the above problems,this

关 键 词：家族企业 正式治理 非正式治理 探索式创新 开发式创新 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F276.5[经济管理—国民经济]