基于无人机和地面调查的典型草原“种-面积”关系  

The relationship of typical grassland species-area based on drone and ground surveys

作　　者：朱萨宁 高吉喜 万华伟 尤春赫 杨雪 郭雨桐 祝晨佳 吕娜 ZHU Sa-ning;GAO Ji-xi;WAN Hua-Wei;YOU Chun-he;YANG Xue;GUO Yu-tong;ZHU Chen-jia;LV Na(Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing,Beijing 100094,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012 [2]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094 [3]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第9期5169-5179,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(2021YFB3901102)。

摘　　要：本研究以呼伦贝尔市典型草原为研究对象,通过传统地面样方调查和无人机调查,系统研究了“种-面积”关系,确定了典型草原地面与无人机调查的最小调查面积.调查结果表明:1)典型草原的物种数量与调查面积呈非线性关系,“种-面积”关系呈现为S=aln(bA+1).基于组合样方法,至少要包括8个1m^(2)小样方,才能达到涵盖80%物种的目标,基于巢式样法,需要的最小调查面积为8.63m^(2);2)针对典型草原,无人机调查的平均物种发现率为传统地面调查方法的81.7%,无人机可作为地面调查的辅助手段,提高调查的效率;3)在典型草原物种监测中,可选取1个或2个组合样方,并使用无人机进行4~5次随机拍摄作为补充,此时可发现典型草原物种总数的84.7%~88.3%.该方法相对传统的3~5次重复样方调查,代表性更高,调查效率更高.This study focuses on the typical grasslands of Hulunbuir City as the research subject, conducting a systematic evaluation of the differences between traditional ground quadrat surveys and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) surveys of grassland plant species.This was achieved by investigating and analyzing the relationship between quadrat area and the number of species within those quadrats. The study determined the minimum survey areas for both ground and UAV surveys in typical grasslands. The findings are as follows: 1) The number of species in typical grasslands has a nonlinear relationship with the survey area, and the "species-area" relationship can be described by the model S=aln(bA+1), where S represents the number of species, A is the area, and a and b are constants. Using the combined sampling method, at least 8 1m^(2) small quadrats should be included to represent 80% of the species.Based on the nested sampling method, the minimum survey area required is 8.63m^(2);2) For typical grasslands, the average species discovery rate of UAV surveys was 81.7% compared to traditional ground survey methods. UAVs can serve as an auxiliary tool for ground surveys to enhance survey efficiency;3) In monitoring species within typical grasslands, one or two combined quadrats can be chosen, supplemented with 4 to 5 random shots using a UAV. This approach can identify 84.7% to 88.3% of the total number of species in typical grasslands. Compared to the traditional method of conducting 3 to 5 repeated quadrat surveys, this method offers stronger representativeness and higher work efficiency.

关 键 词：“种-面积”关系 无人机 地面调查 典型草原 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]