行政执法视角下的环境民事公益诉讼时效设定——对美国环境公民诉讼时效的借鉴  

Setting the Statute of Limitations for Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation from the Perspective of Administrative Law Enforcement—A Reference to the Statute of Limitations for Environmental Citizen Suits in the United States

作　　者：邹雄[1] 许仁杰 ZOU Xiong;XU Ren-jie

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期50-63,共14页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于环境权的环境公益诉讼法理难点研究”(18BFX175)。

摘　　要：环境民事公益诉讼属于公法诉讼,有别于民事私益诉讼,然而现有环境民事公益诉讼时效制度在理论探讨与司法实践中仍沿用民事诉讼时效的框架或规定,无助于解决该制度面临的困境。环境民事公益诉讼是为解决行政失灵应运而生,应回归到公法制度下考察。本文认为,环境民事公益诉讼与环境行政执法之间的制度架构共通,救济手段可相互替代,同美国环境公民诉讼与环保署执法行动间的关系类似。因此,可考察和借鉴美国环境公民诉讼适用行政执法时效的制度规范与实践,通过内部体系与外部体系的考量,证明环境民事公益诉讼适用行政处罚时效的优越性,并依据环境民事公益诉讼的特性和行政处罚时效的规定,完善环境民事公益诉讼时效制度的期间长度、起算点、终止以及延长规则。Environmental civil public interest litigation,which belongs to public law litigation,is different from civil private interest litigation.However,the existing statute of limitations system for environmental civil public interest litigation still follows the framework or provisions of civil litigation limitation in theoretical exploration and judicial practice,which is not helpful in solving the difficulties faced by the system.Environmental civil public interest litigation has emerged to address administrative failures,so it should be examined under the public law system.This paper holds that there is common institutional framework between environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental administrative enforcement,and the remedies can be interchangeable,similar to the relationship between environmental citizen suits and EPA enforcement actions in the United States.Therefore,it is necessary to examine and draw on the institutional norms and practical ideas of the application of administrative enforcement statute of limitations in environmental citizen suits in the United States,and further prove the superiority of applying administrative penalty statute of limitations in environmental civil public interest litigation through internal and external system considerations.Based on the characteristics of environmental civil public interest litigation and the provisions of administrative penalty statute of limitations,we should improve the duration,starting point,termination,and extension rules of the statute of limitations system for environmental civil public interest litigation.

关 键 词：环境民事公益诉讼 诉讼时效 环境公民诉讼 行政处罚 

分 类 号：D925.301[政治法律—诉讼法学]