专家型数学教师课堂视觉注意轨迹的眼动研究  

An Eye Movement Study of Visual Attention Trajectories in the Classroom of Expert Mathematics Teachers

作　　者：丁福军[1] 孙炳海[1] 肖威龙 朱锋 DING Fujun;SUN Binghai;XIAO Weilong;ZHU Feng(School of Psychology,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学心理学院,金华321004

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2024年第8期74-88,共15页Global Education

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“专家型教师教学反思的认知加工机制及神经基础研究”(项目编号:23YJCZH035)的研究成果。

摘　　要：视觉注意作为课堂最典型的非言语行为,不仅反映教师的教学意图,同时也是教师教学机智的具体表现。课堂视觉注意力的提升是新手向专家型教师转变的重要成长环节。因此,解码专家型教师课堂视觉注意特征,是理解专家型教师核心特征的重要切入口。新兴眼动追踪技术实时记录教师教学过程中的眼动轨迹,使得在真实课堂情境下打开专家型教师视觉注意过程的“黑箱”成为可能。基于此,本研究采用新手和专家比较范式,利用眼动追踪技术从视觉注意分布和转移两方面揭示专家型数学教师课堂视觉注意轨迹。研究发现:专家型数学教师视觉注意分布主要聚焦于学生,且以中间学生为视觉中心点向左右两边学生来回转移;给予低学业成就水平学生更多的视觉注意,且频繁将视觉注意由学生转移到学习材料;引入阶段重视将视觉注意分配给学生和学习材料,且频繁从左边学生经由学习材料转移到右边学生;讲解阶段增加了对黑板的视觉注意,且频繁将视觉注意由黑板转移到学生。As the most typical non-verbal behavior in class,visual attention not only reflects the teaching intention of teachers,but also the performance of teachers'teaching tacts.The improvement of classroom visual attention is an important aspect in the transition from a novice teacher to an expert teacher.Therefore,revealing the characteristics of classroom visual attention of expert teachers is an important entry point to understanding the core characteristics of expert teachers.The emerging eye movement tracking technology can record the eye movement track of teachers in the classroom teaching process in real situation,which makes it possible to open the black box of expert teachers'visual attention process in the real classroom situation.Based on this,this study adopts the model of comparison between novice and expert,and uses eye tracking technology to reveal the visual attention track of expert mathematics teachers from two aspects:visual attention distribution and transfer.It is found that the visual attention of expert mathematics teachers mainly focuses on the students,and takes the students sitting in the middle as the visual center to scan the students from the left to the right.For students with a low level of academic achievement,more visual attention is provided,and visual attention is frequently transferred from students to learning materials.In the introduction stage,visual attention is assigned to students and learning materials,and it is frequently transferred from students on the left to students on the right through learning materials.The interpretation phase witnesses an increases of visual attention to the blackboard with frequently shifts from the blackboard to the student.

关 键 词：专家型数学教师 视觉注意轨迹 注意分布 注意转移 眼动追踪 

分 类 号：G623.5[文化科学—教育学]