直播稻苗期自动灌排系统的设计与试验  

An automatic irrigation and drainage system for seedlings of direct-drilled rice

作　　者：郭能明 周志艳[1,2,5] 林键沁 黄俊浩 王键宽 GUO Nengming;ZHOU Zhiyan;LIN Jianqin;HUANG Junhao;WANG Jiankuan(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Artificial Intelligence(GDKL-AAI),Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application(ERCAAA),Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment(South China Agricultural University),Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Technology Innovation Research Center of Rice Smart Farming of South China Agricultural University-Dongyuan County,Heyuan 517554,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [2]广东省农业人工智能重点实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省农业航空应用工程技术研究中心,广州510642 [4]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [5]华南农业大学-东源县水稻智慧农场关键技术创新研究中心,广东河源517554

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第9期57-65,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(202206010149,2024B03J1324);广东省科技计划项目(2023B10564002,2021B1212040009);井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”课题(20222-051252-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】提高直播稻成苗率,依据直播稻苗期田面水分的农艺要求,设计一种适用于直播稻苗期的自动灌排系统,并验证其田间应用效果。【方法】设计适用的微喷灌溉方案和排水装置,通过LoRa通信对各设备进行无线组网控制,基于模糊控制算法制定了适用于直播稻苗期的灌排制度,从而实现自动灌排系统的各项功能;以控制系统性能指标、排水装置性能指标、苗期田面湿润状况和成苗率作为评价指标验证其应用效果。【结果】①控制系统设备动作延迟为0.398 s、系统决策时间为1.348 s、系统信息监测偏差为±1.48%;②自动排水装置启闭时间4~6 s、待机电流21.7 mA;③采用本研究的方法进行自动灌排,在苗期(播种后的15 d内)土壤水分保持在85%以上,田间成苗率达到83.9%。【结论】直播稻苗期自动灌排系统在保证高效低功耗的情况下实现了精准控制田面土壤水分,可保持田面湿润并达到合格的成苗率,有较好的田间应用效果。【Objective】Crops are vulnerable to drought and waterlogging at their seedling stages.Experiencebased irrigation and drainage is not effective to alleviate water stresses that seedlings could face.This paper presents an automatic drainage and irrigation system we developed for seedlings of direct-seeded rice.【Method】The system includes a micro-sprinkler irrigation system and an automatic drainage device.They are controlled by a LoRa wireless communication network;the irrigation-drainage scheduling was calculated by the fuzzy control algorithm,based on the dynamics of soil moisture and growth of the seedlings measured in the field.The applicability of the system in the fields was evaluated using performance indicators and drainage device performance indicators.【Result】①In the terms of performance,the delay in the response of the system was 0.398 s,the decision-making time was 1.348 s,and the errors of the information monitoring was±1.48%.②The automatic drainage device took 4-6 s to close or open,and the standby electric current was 21.7 mA.③Experimental results showed that the systems can control soil moisture at 85%of the field capacity 15 days after the seed-drilling;the survival rate of the seedlings was 83.9%.【Conclusion】The automatic irrigation and drainage system for seedlings of direct-drilled rice is energy-efficient.It can maintain soil moisture in the proximity of the soil surface around the designed value,alleviating water stress and improving the survival of the seedlings of the directly drilled rice.

关 键 词：直播稻苗期 自动灌排 LoRa无线通信技术 模糊控制 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化] S277.9[农业科学—农业工程]