荞麦搓碾剥壳机理分析与剥壳单元织构化改进  

Analysis of the hulling mechanism for the buckwheat and improvement of texture of hulling unit

作　　者：范斌 阮宏宝 金天顺 杜文亮[1] FAN Bin;RUAN Hongbao;JIN Tianshun;DU Wenliang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for the Entire Process of Forage and Feed Production,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]牧草饲料生产全程智能化装备内蒙古自治区工程研究中心,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第16期64-74,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目;内蒙特色农产品低损高效精深加工智能化装备关键技术研发与应用(2022YFHH0037);农业工程一流学科科研专项项目(YLXKZX-NND-021)。

摘　　要：荞麦剥壳是荞麦米加工工艺的核心环节,目前上下砂盘式荞麦剥壳机剥壳机理不明,加之剥壳间隙精准度低,荞麦剥壳姿态随机性强,导致单次剥壳效率低、剥壳后碎仁率偏高。为解决上述问题,该研究以6QB-150荞麦剥壳机为研究对象,开展荞麦搓碾剥壳机理分析与试验研究,通过对荞麦搓碾剥壳过程的机理进行分析与数学建模,研究了荞麦在剥壳过程中可能存在的剥壳姿态,并建立了相应的数学模型;并使用EDEM(engineering discrete element method)软件对改进剥壳单元后荞麦剥壳过程的运动状态进行分析,探究不同纹理结构对荞麦剥壳过程的影响;最后选取等效粒径(近似于荞麦宽、高尺寸)介于4.6~4.8 mm范围的荞麦开展剥壳性能试验。试验结果表明:当剥壳间隙大于等于荞麦等效粒径且小于荞麦长度尺寸时,端压撕搓是荞麦搓碾剥壳过程中主导剥壳机制,且剥壳效率最高;另外上砂盘工作区域表面纹理以三角形织构化改进后,当下砂盘转速为950 r/min,剥壳间隙为4.9 mm时,单次剥壳整仁率为44.03%,碎仁率为5.59%,相较于未改进的剥壳单元,采用规则的三角形凸起结构一定程度降低荞麦剥壳姿态的随机性,其单次剥壳整仁率提高了16.98%。该研究可为荞麦加工装备优化升级提供理论依据和技术支撑。Buckwheat shucking has been one of the important technologies during processing.At the same time,a large number of efforts have been focused mainly on the design of buckwheat shucking machines,in order to explore the best shucking parameters.Among them,the upper and lower sand tray-type buckwheat sheller has been widely used in recent years,because of the high processing efficiency and excellent sheller performance.The optimal sheller parameters have also been explored on the upper and lower tray-type buckwheat sheller.However,it is unclear on the mechanism of the buckwheat rolling sheller.The low accuracy of the sheller gap and the strong random posture of buckwheat sheller have led to the low efficiency of a single sheller and the high rate of broken kernel after the sheller.This study aims to carry out the analysis and experimental investigation of the buckwheat hulling mechanism.The 6QB-150 buckwheat sheller was taken as the research object.The specific mechanism of the buckwheat hulling and mathematical modeling was proposed to determine the possible hulling posture of buckwheat during hulling.The mathematical model was established to compare the husking mechanism of the grinding and the end pressing and tearing.The grinding was suitable for the case,where the gap between the upper and lower sand pans was slightly smaller than the equivalent particle size of the material;The end pressing,tearing,and rolling were suitable for the case,where the gap between the upper and lower sand tray was slightly larger than the equivalent particle size of the material and smaller than the length of the material.Engineering discrete element method(EDEM)software was used to analyze the motion state of the buckwheat husking.After that,the husking unit was improved to explore the influence of different texture structures on the husking.EDEM simulation analysis showed that the regular structure of surface texture was added into the working interval of the upper sand tray under the same shucking gap condition.There was an increa

关 键 词：谷物 农业机械 纹理 荞麦 剥壳机理 EDEM仿真 

分 类 号：S226.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]