大型复杂产品系统自主创新的模式与机制——基于“华龙一号”的探索性案例研究  

Independent Innovation Models and Mechanisms for Large-Scale Complex Product Systems:An Exploratory Case Study Based on"HPR1000"

作　　者：许晖[1] 李阳 王冶 韩连胜 Xu Hui;Li Yang;Wang Ye;Han Liansheng(Business School,Nankai University;China National Nuclear Corporation;Doctor Management Consulting Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]南开大学商学院 [2]中国核工业集团有限公司 [3]道特企业管理咨询有限公司

出　　处：《管理世界》2024年第9期221-243,共23页Journal of Management World

基　　金：教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心年主题案例项目《巨龙腾飞:中核工业的自主创新之路》(项目编号:08)的深化研究成果;国家自然科学基金“数智驱动下高科技企业场景式解决方案研究:理论模型、构建机制及市场响应性”(项目编号:72272082)的资助。

摘　　要：面对多项核电关键核心技术被封锁与国外超大核安全事故发生的双重困境,我国以完全自主、安全可控作为顶层目标,研发出具有完全自主知识产权的三代压水堆核电创新成果——“华龙一号”(HPR1000)。作为一项大型复杂产品系统,“华龙一号”走出了一条区别于“中国路”“中国车”等其他大国重器、大国工程自主创新的道路,为有效揭示大型复杂产品系统自主创新机制提供了典型案例。基于此,本文系统探索了“华龙一号”自主创新的模式、路径以及内在理论机制等。研究发现:(1)“华龙一号”自主创新存在从“并行”到“聚合”的演进模式,并且可以进一步提炼出内生式创造(从0到1突破)、外生式学习(从1到N迭代)、聚变式放大(N×N)3种内在机制;(2)基于实践场域的问题牵引,大型复杂产品系统自主创新过程中知识创造与技术创新存在实践行为的协同互嵌、理论逻辑的累积因果螺旋关系;不同机制下,“知识创造—技术创新”之间存在螺旋起点、方向与边界等维度的差异;(3)大型复杂产品系统自主创新过程中涉及的知识和关键核心技术以集合形态呈现,依据来源可将其概括为原创型、引进型与融创型3类,并且知识集与技术集之间通过差异化的转换与萃取实现双向桥接。本文最终形成的理论框架,既从学理层面揭示了中国核电行业突破“卡脖子”技术集的内在过程机理,又抽象出一条针对其他大国重器创新研发有借鉴意义的“华龙道路”。Confronted with the dual challenges of nuclear power technology blockades and a significant overseas nuclear safety incident,China prioritizes complete autonomy and safety control as its top-level goals.As a result,it has successfully developed HPR1000,a three-generation pressurized water reactor nuclear power innovation achievement with complete independent intellectual property rights.Unlike other major countries'projects such as"China's Road and Transportation Infrastructure"and"China's High-Speed Train",HPR1000 represents a unique path for independent innovation in large and complex product systems.It serves as a typical case that effectively reveals the mechanism behind independent innovation in such systems.Based on this,this paper systematically explores the mode,path and internal theoretical mechanism of HPR1000's independent innovation.The findings are as follows.(1)The independent innovation of HPR1000,a large complex product system,has an evolution pattern from"parallel"to"aggregation",and can further extract three internal mechanisms:endogenous creation(breakthrough from 0 to 1),exogenous learning(iteration from 1 to N)and fusion amplification(N×N).(2)Based on the problem traction of practice field,knowledge creation and technological innovation in the independent innovation process of large-scale complex product systems have synergistic and interlocking practical behaviors and cumulative causal spiral relationship of theoretical logic.Under different mechanisms,there are differences in spiral starting point,direction and boundary between"knowledge creation and technological innovation".(3)The knowledge and key core technologies involved in the independent innovation process of large-scale complex product systems are presented in the form of sets,which can be summarized into three categories according to the source:original type,imported type and synergy-creation type,and the bidirectional bridge between knowledge set and technology set is realized through dfferentiated conversion and extraction.The

关 键 词：华龙一号 复杂产品系统 知识创造 技术创新 自主可控 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F426.23[经济管理—国民经济] F426.61