如何应对价值主观主义  

How to Respond to Value Subjectivism

作　　者：兰久富[1] LAN Jiufu(Center for Studies of Values and Culture,School of philosophy,Collaborative Innovation Center for Core Socialist Values,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心、哲学学院、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第4期13-28,共16页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国道路的价值观基础理论研究”(22JJD720009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：价值主观主义认为所有价值判断都是主观的,这一观点必将导致关于事物的好坏、行动的对错“怎么说都可以”的完全相对主义的结论。有三种回应价值主观主义的方式:一是立足存在论肯定价值的客观实在性,但是由于不能毫无疑义地指认价值是客观存在的实体、性质或关系,因而不能有效地回应价值主观主义;二是依托观念论认定心灵中价值的观念与逻辑的观念一样具有有效性,以此解释内在于心灵的价值具有另一种客观性,这在特定的领域内能够反驳价值主观主义;三是借助评价论阐明任何对事物的评价都依据一定的尺度和根据,只要采取的尺度和根据是可靠的,对事物所作的评价就有充足的理由,说明价值判断具有可以为之辩护的合理性,能够全面地回应价值主观主义。Value subjectivism holds that value judgments are subjective,and this view will inevitably lead to a completely relativist conclusion about whether things are good or bad and whether actions are right or wrong.There are three ways to respond to value subjectivism:the first way is to affirm the objective reality of value on the basis of ontology,but since value cannot be identified without doubt as an objectively existing entity,property,or relation,it cannot effectively respond to value subjectivism;the second way is to rely on idealism to hold that the idea of value in mind is as valid as the idea of logic,so as to explain that the value within the mind has another kind of objectivity,which can refute value subjectivism in a specific field;the third way is to rely on evaluation theory to clarify that things are evaluated on the basis of a certain scale and grounds,and that as long as the scale and grounds adopted are reliable,the evaluation of the thing is well-founded,which shows that value judgments have defensible rationality,and that it can respond to value subjectivism in a comprehensive manner.

关 键 词：价值主观主义 价值客观性 存在论 观念论 评价论 

分 类 号：B018[哲学宗教—哲学理论]