初始资源不对等情境下4-7岁儿童公平分配行为的发展  

The Development of Equitable Distribution Behavior in Children Aged 4-7 in the Context of Unequal Initial Resources

作　　者：陈衍[1] 高亭亭 陈春蓉 谭思雨 CHEN Yan;GAO Ting-ting;CHEN Chun-rong;TAN Si-yu(School of Psychology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学心理学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州师范学院学报》2024年第8期16-24,共9页Journal of Guizhou Education University

基　　金：贵州省高等学校教学内容和课程体系改革项目“知-行-信:《发展心理学》课程思政模式建构与实践研究”(2023062)。

摘　　要：目的:考察在初始资源不对等情境下4-7岁儿童的公平分配行为差异以及视角水平在其中的作用。方法:采用完全被试间设计,在第一方任务中向364名4-7岁儿童呈现平均分配、自利分配、公平分配、利他分配4种分配方案。结果:视角水平对儿童的公平行为有显著影响;相较于优势视角,4-7岁儿童在劣势视角下会更加注重公平;性别并不影响儿童的公平行为。结论:儿童公平分配行为因视角情境存在发展差异。随着年龄发展,儿童从简单的平分但结果不公平的分配逐渐过渡到通过不平等分配来实现结果公平的分配;儿童自利分配随着年龄呈递减趋势。The study is to investigate the differences in equitable distribution behavior of children aged 4-7 in the context of unequal initial resources and the role of perspective taking.Methods:Children aged 4-7(N=364)were presented with four distributions:equal distribution,self-interested distribution,fair distribution and altruistic distribution in the first task.Results:Perspective taking had a significant effect on children's fair behavior.Compared with the advantaged perspective,4-7-year-olds would pay more attention to fairness from the disadvantaged perspective.Gender did not affect children's fair behaviour.Conclusion:Children's equitable distributive behavior varies with perspective and context.As children grow older,their distribution preferences shift from simple equal division with unequal outcomes to distributions that achieve fair outcomes through unequal allocation.Children's self-interested distributions decrease with age.

关 键 词：公平分配行为 发展 儿童 初始资源 视角 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]