周秦之变与儒法治国模式的新建构  

The transition between the Zhou and Qin dynasties and the new construction of Confucian-Legalist governance models

作　　者：李友广 祁涛 Li Youguang;Qi Tao

机构地区：[1]西北大学中国思想文化研究所,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2024年第9期161-168,192,共9页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：春秋战国时期是政治社会发生大变动的历史时期,人们往往将政治制度的这种变化称之为周秦之变。作为这一历史阶段最为活跃的知识群体,诸子对于其时天下向何处去给予了充分的理论观照。就治国模式的探索方面而言,基于对周代礼制与政治传统的尊崇,孔孟提出了强宗法化的治国模式;荀子认识到传统礼制存在着弊端,以援法入礼的方式为旧礼注入了更多客观性与工具性因素,从而建构起了弱宗法化的治国模式;由于政治立场的差异,法家人物韩非视儒家政治主张为宽缓之政,进而以“一断于法”的方式建构起了去宗法化的治国模式。儒法两家在治国模式上发生的这种变化,既充分彰显了在周秦之变进程中君臣之间矛盾与冲突的愈加激烈,也为秦制的最终确立奠定了坚实的理论基础。The Spring and Autumn Period was a historical time of significant political and social change,and people often referred to this change in political system as the transition between the Zhou and Qin dynasties.As the most active intellectual group in this historical stage,the pre-Qin philosophers provided ample theoretical insight into where the world was headed at that time.In terms of exploring governance models,Confucius and Mencius proposed a governance model with strong characteristics of patriarchal clan based on their reverence for the tem sys-of“li”(礼)and political traditions of the Zhou Dynasty.Xunzi recognized the drawbacks of the traditional system of“li”(礼)and infused more objective factors and instrumental factors into old“li”(礼)by ting integra-“fa”(法)into“li”(礼),thus constructing a governance model with weak characteristics of patriarchal clan.Due to differences in political stance,Han Fei,a legalist thinker,viewed Confucian ideas as a form of over-lenient governance and constructed a governance model with the removal of patriarchal clan by advocating“all will according to fa(法)”.The change in the models of Confucianism and Legalism not only highlighted the intensifying contradictions and conflicts between monarchs and ministers during the transition between the Zhou and Qin dynasties,but also laid a solid theoretical foundation for the eventual establishment of Qin system.

关 键 词：周秦之变 治国模式 强宗法化 弱宗法化 去宗法化 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]