基于Python的密立根油滴仿真实验设计与实现  

Design and Implementation of a Simulation System for Millikan Oil-drop Experiment Based on Python

作　　者：潘崇佩 李文华 徐音 Pan Chongpei;Li Wenhua;Xu Yin(Basic Physics Experiment Teaching Center,School of Physics,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学物理科学学院基础物理国家级实验教学示范中心,天津300071

出　　处：《中国现代教育装备》2024年第17期64-67,共4页China Modern Educational Equipment

基　　金：教育部高等教育司2021年第二批产学合作协同育人项目“二维材料光学微区测量实践教学平台建设”(编号:202102153038);南开大学一流本科教育教学改革项目“PT育人模式赋能四新专业建设的改革探索”(编号:NKJG2022019);南开大学自制实验教学仪器设备项目“二维材料微区光学成像及偏振透射特性测试系统”(编号:23NKZZYQ02)。

摘　　要：针对密立根油滴实验需要长时重复观察、课堂内难以获取大量实验数据的问题,开发了基于Python的密立根油滴仿真实验。仿真实验采用VPython模块提供的图形引擎构建逼真的三维模型,兼容Windows、Linux等操作系统,可直接在浏览器中运行。通过模拟交互,学生可对密立根油滴实验的思想、原理以及操作获得直观认知,并对不同油滴的运动学和动力学行为进行了深入分析。仿真实验系统具备开源性与可拓展性,能够有效激发学生的自主创新与探索能力,可在其他高校实验教学中推广应用。A simulation design scheme based on Python is proposed for the experiment,to solve the problem that conventional Millikan oil-drop experiment needs long-time repetitive observation,and cannot obtain a huge number of experimental data during the class.The simulation system utilizes the graphic engine provided by VPython module to build a vivid 3D model simulating physical objects,which is compatible with Windows or Linux operating system and can be displayed and run in web browsers directly.By interacting with the virtual system,students can learn the idea,principle and the operation of Millikan oil-drop experiment.What's more,they can analyze the dynamic behavior of oil droplets in depth.Due to its openness and extensibility,the virtual experiment can well promote students' abilities of independent innovation and exploration.It can be popularized and applied in experimental teaching in colleges and universities.

关 键 词：密立根油滴实验 虚拟仿真实验 物理实验教学 PYTHON 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G434[文化科学—教育学]