牟宗三对儒家无神论的判定  

Mou Zongsan's Judgment on the Atheism of Confucianism

作　　者：张望玉 Zhang Wangyu(School of Marxism,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China 350122)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学马克思主义学院,福建福州350122

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期78-83,122,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“伦理学知识体系的当代中国重建”(19ZDA033)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：20世纪思想界对于儒家与宗教关系的反思中,牟宗三基于无神论立场,通过对“神为何物”“神在何方”“神归何处”三个问题的回答,表明儒家不同于西方有神论宗教,而是一种成德之教。分别而言,对于“神为何物”,儒家并未发展人格神观念,而是以“神”描述道德理性的作用;对于“神在何方”,儒家只借用神性形容道德创造活动的庄严感与敬畏感、无限性与超越性,表现在成圣成贤的功夫与境界上,以及道德理性实现自身于社会秩序的建构与历史文化的生成中;对于“神归何处”,在儒家的道德形上学中,万物存在的价值与道德实践的圆满,无需人格神担保。牟宗三在沟通儒家与现代社会时,高扬人的道德主体性,始终坚持无神论。In the reflection on the relationship between Confucianism and religion in the 2Oth century,Mou Zongsan,based on the position of atheism,stated in his answers to“what is God”,“where is God”and“where is God going”that Confucianism,different from Western theistic religion,was a kind of morality education.As for“what is God”,Confucianism developed no concept of personified God,but described the function of moral rationalism with“God”.As for“where is God”,Confucianism simply made use of godhood to describe the solemnness,infinity and transcendence of moral creation,which stressed the effort and pursuit of becoming God,and the realization of self values in the construction of social order and historical culture.As for“where is God going”,in the moral metaphysics of Confucianism,the value of the existence of all things and the perfection of moral practice need not be guaranteed by the personified God.On the relationship of Confucianism and modern society,Mou Zongsan upheld the moral subjectivity of human beings and insisted on atheism.

关 键 词：牟宗三 儒家 无神论 道德形上学 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]