就业能力对高校毕业生慢就业选择的影响  

The Effect of Employability on Slow Employment Choices of College Graduates

作　　者：冯喜良[1] 苏建宁 邱玥 FENG Xiliang;SU Jianning;QIU Yue(School of Labor and Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《人口与经济》2024年第5期78-91,共14页Population & Economics

摘　　要：近年来,越来越多的高校毕业生打破以往“毕业即就业”惯例,选择加入慢就业这一新群体之中。梳理相关文献发现,社会各界对高校毕业生的慢就业选择褒贬不一,这与慢就业中包含了主动、被动两类群体密切相关。以就业能力这一兼具主客观要素的复合因素为切入点,采用logit等实证方法来分析慢就业选择背后的深层次成因及其微观作用机制。研究发现,就业能力是影响高校毕业生慢就业选择的关键因素,就业能力越高,选择主动慢就业的概率越大,反之亦然;在作用机制上,就业能力在家庭背景、专业认同与慢就业选择倾向中发挥了部分中介作用,且家庭背景、专业认同在塑造就业能力过程中可能扮演了相得益彰的“互补效应”;在进一步讨论中,发现就业能力亦是区分已就业与被动慢就业两类群体的重要标尺,与已就业群体相比,选择被动慢就业的毕业生就业能力明显缺乏,特别是数智时代所需的职业适应力、创新力与学习力等必备技能。研究分别从毕业生个人、高校以及家庭等视角提出相应的对策建议。In recent years,more and more college graduates have broken the previous practice of“employment upon graduation”and chosen to join the new group of slow employment.Combing the relevant literature,it is found that all walks of life have different opinions on the slow employment choices of college graduates,which is closely related to the difference between active and passive groups in slow employment.It takes employability,a compound factor with both subjective and objective factors,as the starting point.Empirical methods such as logit provide a more explanatory perspective for the deep-seated causes and micro-mechanisms behind slow employment choice.There are three conclusions as follows:Firstly,employability level is a key factor affecting college graduates’choice of slow employment,the higher the employment ability,the higher the probability of choosing active slow employment,and vice versa.Secondly,in terms of the mechanism,employability plays a partial intermediary role in family background,professional identity and slow employment choice tendency,where family background and professional identity may play the role of“complementarity”in the process of shaping the employment ability.Thirdly,in further discussion,it is found that employability is also an important yardstick for distinguishing the employed groups and passively slow employment groups.Compared with the employed groups,the employability of graduates who choose passively slow employment is obviously lacking,especially the necessary skills such as career adaptability,innovation and learning required in the era of intelligence.Finally,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of graduates,colleges and families.

关 键 词：高校毕业生 就业能力 慢就业 家庭背景 专业认同 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]