紫外辐照及甲基磺酸乙酯诱变对马铃薯早熟品种淀粉含量和产量性状的影响  

Effects of UV Irradiation and Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate Mutagenesis on Starch Content and Yield Traits of Early Maturing Potato Varieties

作　　者：徐宁[1] 许亚坤[1] 张洪亮[1] 张荣华[1] 刘冬雪 王维峰 XU Ning;XU Yakun;ZHANG Hongliang;ZHANG Ronghua;LIU Dongxue;WANG Weifeng(Institute of Economic Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦科学院经济作物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第5期75-84,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2023C005,LH2021C084);北大荒集团重点科技专项(KJZX202204-06)。

摘　　要：针对黑龙江省现有马铃薯早熟品种淀粉含量较低的问题,通过紫外辐照和甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡2种方式,对东农303和中龙薯1号的组培苗进行处理,经过3 a的种植、调查和数据采集,确定诱变方式对不同品种马铃薯变异程度和诱变方向的影响,以改良获得早熟且高淀粉含量的马铃薯品种。结果表明,诱变后,整体变化表现为无变化>抑制>促进,其中东农303更易发生变异,紫外辐照的诱变效果更佳。在组培苗阶段,多数处理显示为抑制作用;在原原种阶段,紫外辐照有利于东农303产量的提升和中龙薯1号淀粉含量的增加;在原种阶段,甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡对东农303的商品性有提升作用,而2种诱变方式对中龙薯1号的产量和结薯数量均有明显抑制作用,紫外辐照的影响更为显著。在紫外辐照处理中,2个品种均发现了1个淀粉含量明显提升的单株,2个单株的发现将有利于黑龙江省不同熟期品种的搭配种植,减少完全依赖晚熟品种所带来的种植风险,并可有效提升产业效益。This study aims to address low starch content in early maturing potato varieties in Heilongjiang Province,seeking to obtain potato varieties with early maturing and high starch content by improvement.In the study,seedlings of Dongnong 303 and Zhonglongshu 1were treated by UV irradiation and ethyl methyl sulfonate(EMS)soaking,and after three years of planting,investigation,and data collection,the effect of mutagenesis methods on the variation degree and mutagenesis direction in different potato varieties was determined.Two high starch mutant plants with excellent traits were screened among the treatments.The results showed that after mutagenesis,the pattern observed was no change>inhibition>promotion,Dongnong 303 was most susceptible to mutation,and UV irradiation had better mutagenesis effective.During tissue culture seeding,most treatments inhibited growth,but during original species,UV irradiation improved yield in Dongnong 303 and increased starch content in Zhonglongshu 1.During protospecies,EMS soaking enhanced the commodity of Dongnong 303.Both methods had a significant inhibitory effect on yield and tuber numbers of Zhonglongshu 1,and the effect of UV irradiation was more significant.Finally,one plant from both of the two varieties showed a significant increase in starch content after the UV treatment.The discovery of the two plants was conducive to mixtured planting of varieties with different maturity in Heilongjiang province,reduced planting risks associated with relying entirely on late maturing varieties,and effectively improved industrial efficiency.

关 键 词：马铃薯 淀粉含量 紫外辐照 甲基磺酸乙酯浸泡 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]