语言学视阈下条约不同语言作准文本的解释困境及其出路  

Dilemma and Way out for Interpreting Authentic Texts of Treaties in Different Languages from Linguistic Perspectives

作　　者：徐树[1] 谢楚儿 XU Shu;XIE Chuer

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2024年第3期44-70,156,共28页Journal of International Law

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治重大问题研究”(21JZD031);国家社科基金项目“西方国家‘反经济胁迫’的国际法话语陷阱及中国对策研究”(23BFX194)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：条约不同语言作准文本之间的语义差异难以避免。这一方面来源于语言本身的客观差异,另一方面则与条约谈判与制定的复杂性等因素密不可分。为解决条约不同语言作准文本之间的语义差异问题,《维也纳条约法公约》指引条约解释者考虑起草文本、清晰语义文本、条约目的与宗旨、文本共有含义等要素。然而,由于《维也纳条约法公约》条约解释框架的灵活性,条约解释结果很大程度上取决于条约解释者对前述解释要素的选择,这可能导致条约解释结果的不可预期性和随意性。对此,透过语言学视角,利用原型范畴理论以及关联理论阐述条约不同语言作准文本的典型差异,有助于充分剖析条约解释过程。引入语言学,其目的并非在《维也纳条约法公约》之外创设新的条约解释规则,而是意在借助语言学为条约解释提供一个补充性的科学视角。Semantic differences would occur inevitably between the various authentic texts of a treaty in different languages.While this stems from objective differences in the language itself,it is inextricably linked to such factors as the complexity of treaty negotiation and formulation.In order to solve the problem of semantic differences between the authentic texts of treaties in different languages,the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties guides interpreters to consider such elements as draft text,clear semantic text,the object and purpose of the treaty,and the common meaning of the text.However,owing to the flexibility of the treaty interpretation framework of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,the outcome of treaty interpretation depends to a large extent on the choice of the aforementioned elements of interpretation by treaty interpreters,which could lead to unpredictability and arbitrariness in the outcome of treaty interpretation.In this regard,using prototype category theory and relevance theory to illustrate the typical differences between the canonical texts of treaties in different languages from a linguistic perspective,it is helpful to fully dissect the treaty interpretation process.The introduction of linguistics does not intend to create new rules of treaty interpretation outside the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,but rather to provide a complementary scientific perspective on treaty understanding through linguistics.

关 键 词：条约解释 维也纳条约法公约 语言学 原型范畴理论 关联理论 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学] D993.8[政治法律—国际法学]