富兰克林与韦伯斯特英语教育思想比较考察  

A Comparative Study of Benjamin Franklin’s and Noah Webster’s Thoughts on English Education

作　　者：肖朗[1] 王恒[1] Xiao Lang;Wang Heng(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第8期5-21,共17页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：殖民地晚期至建国初期是美国社会的重要转型时期,这一时期许多著名人物都将教育视为美国社会和国家的重要事务,以教育为手段来实现自己的改革理想,富兰克林和韦伯斯特是其中的突出代表。两人不仅在精神品质方面有诸多相似之处,而且在英语教育思想方面也存在明显的内在关联,这主要体现在他们都主张通过英语文字改革来重塑英语教育,并通过改革英语教育来实现各自的理想,从而为创立美国独立的文化及教育作出了重大贡献。不同的是,富兰克林主要站在中产阶级的立场上,旨在将殖民地英语教育的重心从古典语言文化转向现代实用知识,为中产阶级社会地位的提升开辟通道;而韦伯斯特主要试图削弱英国在政治和文化上的影响,通过英语教育培养共和国公民的美德,为新生共和国的成长创造条件。比较考察富兰克林和韦伯斯特的英语教育思想,既有助于准确把握二者教育思想的基本特征及其内在关联,对认识美国建国前后英语教育改革的历史进程也不乏参考价值。In the late colonial and early national period,an important time for the transformation of American society,many famous people regarded education as important national and social affairs and took it as a means to realize their ideals of reform,among whom Benjamin Franklin and Noah Webster are prominent two.They not only share many similarities in spiritual quality,but also have obvious internal relations in their English education thoughts.They both reinvented English education by promoting the spelling reform of English language and further promoted the diffusion of knowledge and the shaping of morality by reforming English education.Their ideas of English education,on the one hand,were rooted in the cultural traditions and religious ethics of Britain and the colonies,inheriting and maintaining the traditional values.On the other hand,they broke with tradition and religion and embodied the secular and modern characteristics.The historical background of the American Revolution and the changes of the times also led to some differences in their ideas of English education.Franklin’s concern about English education mainly stems from the perspective of the rising middle class,which is more manifested as“abandoning the past”,aiming to use English education to popularize modern culture and knowledge and secular morality,so as to open up a channel for the promotion of the social status of the middle class.Whereas,Webster’s focus on English education was mainly from the perspective of the state and the nation,and more manifested as“abandoning the British”,using the American style of English education to popularize the knowledge of the United States and the virtues of the republic,creating conditions for the long-term stability of the new country.A comparative study of Franklin’s and Webster’s thoughts on English education not only helps to accurately grasp the basic characteristics of and the internal relations between the two,but also provides important clues for exploring the process of English education

关 键 词：富兰克林 韦伯斯特 早期美国 英语教育 英语改革 

分 类 号：H319.3[语言文字—英语]